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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HPV can affect ___ which is in the ___ phase
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human papilloma virus can affect Rb which is in M phase
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HPV is a very diverse and species specific group of viruses
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-100 different types have been identified
-30-40 hpv types affect the anogenital tract, of these 15-20 are high-risk types associated with cancer, and 10-15 |
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hpv
high risk and low risk most common |
high risk 16 and 18
6 and 11 are low risk |
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any sickness is a simple
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fact of the cell going wrong
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assembly of HPV particle
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360 copies of L1 protein
72 capsomers (pentamer of 5 L1s) + virol DNA + L2 protein |
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assembly of HPV particle explained
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5 L1 monomers asssemble into a pentamer or capsomer, the basic structural unit of the virus particle. Then 72 capsomers assemble with L2 protein and viral DNA to form the virus particle
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the basic structural unit of the virus particle is
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a pentamer or capsomer
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important functions of viral proteins
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-e6:
-e7 L1 L2 |
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e6
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destruction of the p53 tumor suppressor protein
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e7
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inactivation of the Rb tumor suppressor protein
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L1
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forms VLP (viral protein coat)
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L2
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binds to DNA
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dysplasia
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alteration in shape, size, and organization of cells
-different from neoplasia which refers to abnormal cell growth |
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HPV binds and infects teh ____
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basal cells in the basal layer of the epithelium
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CIN- cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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classifies severity of dysplasia, in a cervical tissue specimen
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the important cell bio of HPV and cellular consequences of infection
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1) hpv e6 & e7 are produced as basal cells divide and move towards the outside of the mucosa & become the PB & SQ layer of the mucosal epithelium
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2 once here, e6 & 7 inhibit p53 & rb protein which normally prevent
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cell division in these layers. There fore the cell are free to divide and produce the thickened skin which is characteristic of a genital wart
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3 dna replicates as an episome in the ___
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PB and squamous layer. also in these layers, L1 & L2 are produced
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4 the significance of this cycle is that hpv delays production of immunogenic L1 and L2 until the
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cells have terminally differentiated into squamous epithelium which is sloughed off and not accessible to immune cells
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genital wart is a
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disregulation in cell cycle
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5 thus an immune response to L1 & L2 proteins is
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slow to appear and doesn't occur in all individuals infected with HPV
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6 high levels of e6 & 7 (in Cin3) may lead to the development of
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cervical cancer
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lifetime risk for sexually active men and women is at least
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50%
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by 50 years of age, at least 80% of women will have accquired
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genital HPV infection
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estimated incidence
estimated prevalence |
6.2 mil/year
20 mil |
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routes of HPV transmission
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sexual routes: sex, g-g, hand-g, oral-g
non-sexual: extragenital-fomitos vertical: mother-neonate-respiratory papillomatosis |
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risk factors for HPV infection
females males |
females: 20-24, young age of sex, # partners, uncircumcised male
males: 25-29, # partner, being unc |
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key point: hpv 6 and 11 are responsible for
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>90% of anogenital warts
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indications for treatment
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bothersome symptoms: pruritus, bleeding, burning, discharge, pain
-obstruction of the vagina -treatment is not mandatory as 20-30% spontaneously regress |
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treatment modalities
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chemical and physical destruction
-surgical excision -applied topical solution/drugs |
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vaccines
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an antigenic substance administered to produce immunity to a disease thereby preventing the effects of infection
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18-25 yr old women: 1 partner
2 partner 3 partner |
14.3 hpv
22 32% |
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fomites:
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anything that you can spread outside the bodies (you have to have the secretions on it) low risk
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what percent of cervical cancer is from hpv?
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100%
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types of vaccines
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inactivated vaccine
attenuated vaccine subunit/recombinant vaccine |
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inactivated vaccine
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-consists of virus particle grown in culture then killed
-particles are unable to replicate -capsid proteins "survive" and illicit an immune response -boosters are required periodically -hep A |
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attenuated vaccine
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live virus particles are administered
-particles are of low virulence -particles are able to reproduce but very slowly -boosters are required infrequently -MMR, Varivax |
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subunit/recombinant vaccine
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2 methods
1) placement of a protein gene from the targeted virus into another virus. the second virus expresses the protein, but provides no risk to the patient 2) administration of an isolated protein virus |
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gardasil summary
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addresses HPV types associated with cervical dysplasias and genital warts
-induces amnestic response -vaccination is prophylactic and max. efficacy is with those w/o previous exposure to HPV |
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gardasil
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4 capsids- tetravalent
6,11,16,18 6,11 related to 90% of cc 16,18 70% cc |