Ce 3510 Chapter 2

Front 1

aggregate

Back 1

-a granual material used with a cementing media to form mortar/concrete
-used as a base course

Front 2

aggregates based on size

Back 2

-fine aggregates
-coarse aggregates

Front 3

aggregate types

Back 3

-crushed stone
-gravel
-sand

Front 4

fine aggregates

Back 4

-natural or manufacturing particles
-0.006 in to 3/16 in size range
-IN CONCRETE .0029 in to 3/16 in

Front 5

coarse aggregate

Back 5

- 3/16 in to 1/4 in
-rounded river gravel, crushed stone, manufactured aggregate

Front 6

gravel

Back 6

-naturally rounded aggregate
-1/4in to 1.5 in

Front 7

crushed gravel

Back 7

crushed gravel

Front 8

heavy weight aggregates

Back 8

-protection against nuclear radiation as bomb shelters
-specific gravity: 4 - 7.7
-unit weight: 2400 kg/m^3 to 6400 kg/m^3

Front 9

heavy weight aggregate types

Back 9

-magnetite
-barite
-iron shot
-scrap iron

Front 10

normal weight aggregates

Back 10

-unit weight: 1520 kg/m^3 to 1680 kg/m^3
-specific gravity: 2.6 to 2.65
-crushed stone, gravel, sand, asphalt concretes, roadway subbase

Front 11

normal weight aggregates:
normal type examples

Back 11

-sands
-gravel
-crushed rock
-graninte
-quartzite
-syenite
-basalt
-sandstone
-limestone

Front 12

normal weight aggregates:
artificial type examples

Back 12

-broken brick
-pulverized concrete
-air cool blast furnace slag

Front 13

light weight aggregates

Back 13

-unit weight: 880 kg/m^3 to 1120 kg/m^3

Front 14

light weight aggregates:
normal type examples

Back 14

-pumice
-volcanic scoria
-wood shavings
-asbestos

Front 15

light weight aggregates:
artificial type examples

Back 15

-furnace clinker
-foamed slag
-expanded clay
-shale
-slate
-perlite
-sintered shale
-clay
-pulverized fuel ash
-vermiculite

Front 16

rocks

Back 16

a mixture of several materials

Front 17

types of rocks

Back 17

-igneous
-sedimentary
-metamorphic
-minerals

Front 18

minerals

Back 18

naturally occurring chemical element with a definite crystalline structure and distinctive physical properties

Front 19

most common rock minerals

Back 19

-feldspars
-quartz
-kaolinite
-muscorite
-calcite

Front 20

igneous rock

Back 20

-cooled and hardened magma
-90% of earth's crust
-granites, basalt, pumice, scoria, rhyolite
-mineral composition- principally feldspars
-K Al silicates, Na Al silicates, Ca Al silicates

Front 21

sedimentary rock

Back 21

-accumulation and solidification of deposit of transported fragments
-5% of earth's crust with metamorphic rocks
-75% of exposed rock
-transportation: water, wind, ice
-sandstone, limestone, shales, quartz

Front 22

metamorphic rocks

Back 22

-alteration of sedimentary and/or igneous rocks from heat and/or pressure
-schist, gneis, slate, marble

Front 23

hardness

Back 23

measure of resistance to deformation, indentation, or scratching

Front 24

fracture toughness

Back 24

measure of resistance to fracture under applied loading, slow loading, or impact loading

Front 25

surface texture

Back 25

-glassy
-smooth
-granular
-tough
-crystalline
-honeycomb
-porous

Front 26

particle shape

Back 26

-rounded
-irregular
-flakey
-angular
-elongated

Front 27

deleterious substance

Back 27

-materials that will physically or chemically react with portland cement concrete or asphalt concrete
-has undesirable results
-volume change, cracking, retarding of settling time, reduction in strength

Front 28

moisture condition of aggregates

Back 28

-oven dry
-saturated surface dry
-wet
-air dry

Front 29

oven dry

Back 29

drying out the aggregate to a constant weight at a temperature of about 110 deg C

Front 30

wet

Back 30

excess moisture remains on surface of particles

Front 31

saturated surface dry
(SSD)

Back 31

-pores filled with water
-no moisture on surface

Front 32

air dry

Back 32

-less water in pores than SSD condition
-more water in pores than oven dry condition

Front 33

deleterious substance

Back 33

-organic coating
-fine dust
-clay lump
-shale
-coal properties
-friable properties
-chert
-soft particles

Front 34

bulk density

Back 34

-mass of particles over the total volume at a specific temp
-mass- oven dry condition
-volume= solid volume +volume of voids
-degree of compaction

Front 35

moisture content

Back 35

the amount of water contained in the pores of the aggregate

Front 36

porosity

Back 36

the amount of pores in the aggregate over the total volume

Front 37

voids

Back 37

the amount of airspace between aggregate particles

Front 38

absorption

Back 38

the amount of water retained in the aggregate once surface dry

Front 39

modulus of elasticity

Back 39

-slope of stress strain curve in elastic deformation
-inversely proportional to deformation

Front 40

shrinkage

Back 40

volume reduction of an aggregate

Front 41

gradation

Back 41

proportions of an aggregate for different size ranges

Front 42

compressive strength

Back 42

-resistance of a material for breaking under compression
-granites, limestones- high compressive strength
-sandstone, lightweight aggregates- low compressive strength

Front 43

toughness

Back 43

resistance of aggregate particles to fracture under applied load

Front 44

hardness

Back 44

resistance to deformation of materials

Front 45

workability

Back 45

how easy it is to work with the aggregates in the concrete mixture

Front 46

grading

Back 46

a process that determines particle size distribution

Front 47

blending

Back 47

combining aggregates of various sizes to obtain a specified gravity

Front 48

dense graded aggregates

Back 48

an aggregate with a grain size distribution that when compacted, the voids (as a percentage) is relatively SMALL

Front 49

open graded aggregates

Back 49

an aggregate with a grain size distribution that when compacted, the voids (as a percentage) are relatively LARGE

Front 50

gap graded aggregates

Back 50

an aggregate in which one or more intermediate sizes are missing

Front 51

sieve

Back 51

an apparatus with square openings, 8" diameter

Front 52

fineness module

Back 52

-a measure of average particle size of the sample
-sum of cumulative % retained for sieves #4-200/100

Front 53

uniformity coefficient

Back 53

-degree of variation in grain size that constitute granular material
-having all the grains the same size
-increases above unity with variation of grain size
-Cu=D60/D10

Front 54

coefficient of curvature

Back 54

quantifies the shape of the particle size distribution curve

Front 55

max aggregate size

Back 55

the smallest sieve opening through which the entire sample passes

Front 56

normal max sizes

Back 56

the smallest sieve opening through which most (NOT ALL) of the particles pass, about 5% by weight may still be retained in the sieve