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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the Process of LV Pressure and LA Pressure during the Cardiac Cycle.
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See Image
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Reason for S1.
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Closure of the AV Valves (i.e. mitral and tricuspid).
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Reason for S2.
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Closure of the Aortic & Pulmonic Valves.
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TRUE/FALSE - The rise in ejection pressure during ventricular systole is a direct comparison of the ejection rate into the aorta to the rate of runoff from the aorta to aortic branches.
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True
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Describe the 2 phases of ventricular ejection during systole.
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Maximum Ejection (II-III) and Reduced Ejection (III-IV)
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Which heart sound is common in young normal individuals and in some pathological states due to the rapid inflow of blood into the ventricle during diastole?
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S3
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Describe S4.
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In pathological conditions, atrial systole also produces a sound called the fourth heart sound,(S4).
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Describe the Phases of Systole.
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I-II = Isovolumic Contraction;
II-IV = Ejection phase |
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Describe the phases of Diastole.
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IV-V protodiastolic phase;
V-VI = Isovolumic Relaxation; VI- VIII = Rapid Filling Phase; VIII-IX = atrial systole |
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The S2 heart sound has physiologic splitting in what phase of respiration (A then P)?
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Inspiration
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What are the 3 types of abnormal splitting in the S2 heart sound?
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Wide; Fixed; Paradoxical
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What are the 2 common causes of wide splitting in S2?
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R bundle branch block; pulmonic stenosis
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What is the common cause of fixed splitting in S2?
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Atrial Septal Defect
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What is the 2 common causes of paradoxical splitting in S2?
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L Bundle Branch block; aortic stenosis
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What are the 3 common causes of Accentuated S1?
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1. shortened PR interval;
2. mild mitral stenosis; 3. High CO states/Tachycardia |
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What are the 4 common causes of Diminshed S1?
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1. Lengthened PR;
2. Mitral regurgitation; 3. severe mitral stenosis; 4. Stiff LV (HTN) |
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What are the 3 types of Systolic Murmurs?
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1. Ejection Type;
2. Pansystolic; 3. Late Systolic |
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Name 2 examples of ejection type systolic murmurs.
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Aortic and Pulmonic Stenosis
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Name 3 examples of pansystolic type systolic murmurs.
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Mitral Regurgitation, Tricuspid Regurgitation, Ventricular Septal Defect
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name an example of a Late Systolic Heart murmur.
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Name the 3 types of diastolic heart murmurs.
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Early Decresendo; Mid-Late; Prolonged Mid-Late
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Give 2 Examples that can cause Early decresendo diastolic murmurs.
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Aortic and Pulmonic Regurgitation
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Give 2 examples that can cause mid-late diastolic murmurs.
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Mild mitral or tricuspid stenosis.
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Give 2 examples that can cause prolonged-mid late diastolic murmurs.
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Severe mitral or tricuspid stenosis
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A continous murmur is indicative of what condition?
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patent ductus arteriosus (abnormal communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery)
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To-and-fro is indicative of what 2 conditions?
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Aortic stenosis with regurgiation; pulmonic stenosis with regurgitation
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