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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 types of muscle tissue
|
skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
|
|
skeletal muscle
|
comprised of long, cylindrical, unbranched cells with striations and multiple peripheral nuclei, and it is under voluntary control
functions include: movement, facial expression, posture, breathing, speech, swallowing and excretion |
|
cardiac muscle
|
short branched cells with striations and intercalated discs, it is under involuntary control.
found in: the heart |
|
smooth muscle
|
short fusiform cells; nonstriated with only one central nucleus, and similar to cardiac muscle it is under involuntary control
found in: sheets of muscle in the viscera, iris, hair follicles, sphincters, aids in swallowing, GI tract functions, labor contractions, control of airflow, erection of hairs and control of pupil |
|
agonists
|
type of muscles that directly cause the movement to occur.
AKA: Prime Movers |
|
antagonists
|
type of muscles that act in opposition to the movement generated by the agonists and
are responsible for returning a limb to its initial position |
|
synergists
|
type of muscles that assist in performing the movement with the agonists
AKA: Neutralizers |
|
fixators
|
type of muscles that immobilize the origin of prime movers so that all tension is exerted at
the insertion. AKA: Stabilizers |
|
pectoralis
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
chest
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
gluteus
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
buttock
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
brachii
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
arm
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
supra-
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
above
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
infra-
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
below
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
sub-
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
under or beneath
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
lateralis
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
lateral
(naming skeletal muscles by location) |
|
maximus
(relative muscle size) |
largest
(relative muscle size) |
|
minimus
(relative muscle size) |
smallest
(relative muscle size) |
|
longus
(relative muscle size) |
long
(relative muscle size) |
|
bravis
(relative muscle size) |
short
(relative muscle size) |
|
vastus
(relative muscle size) |
huge
(relative muscle size) |
|
deltoid
(muscle shape) |
triangular
(muscle shape) |
|
rhomboid
(muscle shape) |
rhombus
(muscle shape) |
|
latissimus
(muscle shape) |
wide
(muscle shape) |
|
teres
(muscle shape) |
round
(muscle shape) |
|
trapezius
(muscle shape) |
trapezoid
(muscle shape) |
|
direction of muscle fibers are in reference to ________ .
|
the midline of the body or longitudinal axis of the limb bone
|
|
rectus
(direction of muscle fibers) |
straight
(direction of muscle fibers) |
|
transverse
(direction of muscle fibers) |
across
(direction of muscle fibers) |
|
oblique
(direction of muscle fibers) |
diagonally
(direction of muscle fibers) |
|
orbicularis
(direction of muscle fibers) |
circular
(direction of muscle fibers) |
|
biceps
(muscle origin number) |
two
(muscle origin number) |
|
triceps
(muscle origin number) |
three
(muscle origin number) |
|
quadriceps
(muscle origin number) |
four
(muscle origin number) |
|
sternocleidomastoid
(muscle origin and insertion location) |
origin - on the sternum and clavicle
insertion - on the mastoid process (muscle origin and insertion location) |
|
brachioradialis
(muscle origin and insertion location) |
origin - on the brachium or arm
insertion - on the radius (muscle origin and insertion location) |
|
differences in the muscular system of humans vs cats
(upper body) |
Pectoralis major- larger in human, smaller in cat
Pectoralis minor- smaller in human, larger in cat Pectoantebrachialis – not present in human Xiphihumeralis – not present in human Clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, spinotrapezius – three muscles in cat, one muscle in human (trapezius) Levator scapulae – not present in human |
|
differences in the muscular system of humans vs cats
(lower body) |
Caudofemoralis – not present in human
Gluteus maximus – larger than gluteus medius in humans, smaller than gluteus medius in cat. Sartorius – wide muscle in cat, narrow muscle in human Adductor femoris – one muscle in cat, three muscles (adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus) in human epitrochlearis – not present in human |
|
Pectoralis major
(human) |
identify A
larger in human, smaller in cat |
|
Pectoralis minor
(human) |
locate the pectoralis minor
smaller in human, larger in cat |
|
Linea alba
(human) |
identify J
|
|
External abdominal
(human) |
identify K
|
|
Internal abdominal
(human) |
identify I
|
|
Rectus abdominis
(human) |
identify M
|
|
Deltoid
(human) |
identify C
|
|
Triceps brachii
(human) |
identify F, G, H
|
|
Biceps brachii
(human) |
identify I
|
|
Sartorius
(human) |
locate the sartorius
wide muscle in cat, narrow muscle in human flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee; "tailor's muscle" |
|
Gracilis
(human) |
identify C
|
|
Gluteus maximus
(human) |
identify B
larger in the human, smaller in in cat |
|
Gluteus medius
(human) |
identify A
smaller in human, larger in cat |
|
Biceps femoris
(human) |
identify G
|
|
Gastrocnemius
(human) |
locate the gastrocnemius
|
|
Pectoralis major
(cat) |
identify C
(cat) |
|
Pectoralis minor
(cat) |
identify F
(cat) |
|
Linea alba
(cat) |
identify this muscle
|
|
External abdominal
(cat) |
identify A
(cat) |
|
Internal abdominal
(cat) |
identify C
(cat) |
|
Rectus abdominis
(cat) |
identify D
(cat) |
|
Deltoid (clavobrachialis)
(cat) |
identify G
(cat) |
|
Triceps brachii
(cat) |
identify D
(cat) |
|
Biceps brachii
(cat) |
identify E
(cat) |
|
Sartorius
(cat) |
identify 1
(cat) wide muscle in cat, narrow muscle in human |
|
Gracilis
(cat) |
identify 2
(cat) |
|
Gluteus maximus
(cat) |
identify B
(cat) |
|
Gluteus medius
(cat) |
identify C
(cat) |
|
Biceps femoris
(cat) |
identify A
(cat) |
|
Gastrocnemius
(cat) |
identify A
|