Geology 211 Finals Quiz Questions

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Quiz 10

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Good luck

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1.) In terms of karst topography, the chemical reaction of carbon-dioxide+water=carbonic acid is important because

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b.) carbonic acid decomposes limestone bedrock

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a.) carbonic acid decompose sandstone bedrock b.) carbonic acid decomposes limestone bedrock c.) carbonic acid decomposes granite bedrock d.) carbonic acid makes soda fizzy

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2.) Which statement about braided streams is true?

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d.) All of the above

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a.) They form because of an excess of sediment supply b.) They consist of multiple channel segments that divide and recombine around channel bars c.) They have wide shallow channels d.) All of the above

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3.) The thickness of a residual soil profile depends on:

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d.) All of the above

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a.) Type of parent material b.) Joints and bedding planes c.) Climate d.) All of the above

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4.) Chemical weathering dominates in arctic climates and at higher elevations in temperate zones

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b.) False

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a.) True b.) False

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5.) The following geologic deposits typically provide good sources of construction aggregates:

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a.) Fluvial terraces, c.) Alluvial fans

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a.) Fluvial terrace b.) Lacustrine deposits c.) Alluvial fans d.) All of the above e.) 1 and 3

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6.) Laterites are typically associated with the following characteristics:

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e.) All of the above

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a.) High temperatures and high rainfall b.) Tropical regions c.) Intense chemical weathering d.) Complex chemical alteration e.) All of the above

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7.) The factors controlling the formation of a particular landform include (choose all that apply):

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e.) All of the above

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a.) Type of rock b.) Structural features c.) Geologic processes acting on the rock d.) Time

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8.) Caves and sinkholes would be most likely to occur in regions where the underlying bedrock is:

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c.) Limestone

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a.) Sandstone b.) Shale c.) Limestone d.) Basalt

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9.) A characteristic of residual soil profiles is that there is no definite boundary between soil and rock:

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a.) True

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a.) True b.) False

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10.) The following geologic deposits typically provide good support for foundations:

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d.) Caliche deposits

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a.) Karstic deposits b.) Decomposed granite c.) Lacustrine deposits d.) Caliche deposits

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Quiz 9

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Good Luck

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1.) Weathering depths in rocks subjected to similar climates are:

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Highly variable

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2.) The chemical breakdown of plagioclase is an example of:

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Hydrolysis

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3.) Which of the following is NOT a salt weathering mechanism:

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Swelling of clay minerals

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4.) Which of the following is NOT classified as a physical weathering process?

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None of the above (“salt weathering, exfoliation” is not classified as one)

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5.) Carbon dioxide in the soil zone is produced by:

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Decomposition of organic matter

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6.) Conversion of pyrite to limonite is an example of:

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Oxidation

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7.) Overland flow of runoff is responsible for:

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All of the above

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8.) The universal soil loss equation was designed to predict erosion:

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Of agricultural land

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9.) The soil type that is most susceptible to erosion by both wind and water is:

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Fine sand to silt

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10.) Piping is associated with:

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All of the above

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Quiz 8:

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Good Luck

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1.) A clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of particles less than 2 micrometers in diameter would be called:

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Shale

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2.) Which of the following rocks is often nonfoliated?

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Marble

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3.) A characteristic of residual soil profiles is that there is no definite boundary between soil and rock.

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True

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4.) Soils in the western United States are often classified as:

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Pedocals

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5.) The zone in which swelling takes place is called the:

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Soil moisture active zone

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6.) Liquefaction takes place in:

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Saturated sand

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7.) Soils that swell require particles with high:

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Surface area

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8.) A type of movement in which a block pivots about its base is a:

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Topple

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9.) A lateral spread involves:

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Transport of material with very little deformation

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10.) The safety factor of a slope is:

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The ratio of the resisting forces to the driving forces

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11.) An increase in fluid pressure causes:

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A decrease in shear strength

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12.) Rotational movement is characteristic of:

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Slides

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13.) Foliation can be described as:

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Parallel alignment of mineral grains

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14.) A characteristic of residual soil profiles is that there is no definite boundary between soil and rock.

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True

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15.) The Atterberg limits are defined using values of:

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Water content

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16.) Collapse of soil structure due to saturation is called:

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Hydrocompaction

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17.) Metamorphic rocks are formed from molten mineral material that has cooled and solidified deep in the earth.

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False

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18.) Sedimentary rocks result from the alteration of the structure and/or chemical composition of rocks of any type by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

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False

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19.) The plastic limit indicates the point at which the soil changes from:

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A plastic to a semi-solid state

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20.) Which of the following is NOT one of the soil-forming factors?

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Precipitation

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21.) The movement of catastrophic debris-flow avalanches can probably best be explained by:

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Viscous flow

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22.) The texture of granite is:

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Phaneritic

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23.) Subsidence of organic sediments occurs by:

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Drainage and oxidation

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24.) Prediction of swelling behavior is possible using:

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Atterberg limits

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25.) In the Mohr-Coulomb equation, the effective normal stress is equal to the:

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Normal stress minus the fluid pressure

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Quiz 7:

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Good Luck

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1.) Rocks change from brittle to ductile behavior in a strength test if:

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Confining pressure is increased

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2.) The behavior of rocks subject to deformation over long periods of time approaches that of:

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A viscous material

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3.) A decrease in strength in a triaxial test could be caused by:

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Decreasing strain rate

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4.) According to the modulus ratio classification, the rocks with most uniform strength and elasticity are:

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Igneous

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5.) The strongest and most elastic metamorphic rock type is:

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Quartzite

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6.) Stress-strain behavior of rocks is affected by changes in

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All the above

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7.) Most rock samples tested by the unconfined compression test fail:

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Along planes inclined at an angle to the maximum principal stress

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8.) Rocks that deform elastically until just before failure are called:

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Brittle

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9.) Many rocks exhibit behavior in an unconfined compression test that is very nearly elastic:

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In the middle of the test

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10.) The constant of proportionality between stress and strain rate is called the:

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Modulus of elasticity (quiz allowed viscosity)

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11.) The modulus ratio used in engineering classification of rocks can be expressed as:

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Ratio of tangent modulus at 50% strength to unconfined compressive strength

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12.) The effects of increased confining pressure upon rock deformation include:

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None of the above

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13.) Which of the following rocks has a high modulus ratio?

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Marble

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14.) A measure of the in-place condition of a rock mass is the:

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Rock Quality Designation

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15.) A test that stimulates the deformation of rock beneath the earth’s surface is:

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The triaxial test

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16.) A test in which stress is applied to the ends of a cylindrical rock sample is called the:

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Unconfined compression test

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17.) The rate of movement of fluids through rocks can be predicted by the:

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Hydraulic conductivity

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18.) Which type of strength test measures the shear strength of material along the failure plane?

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Triaxial test

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19.) The constant that determines the relationship between stress and strain in elastic materials is called the:

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Young’s modulus of elasticity

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Quiz 6:

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Good Luck

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1.) Which statement about an eroded anticline is true?

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Rocks increase in age toward the center of the structure

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2.) In a strike-slip fault:

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None of the above (not “the footwall moves down with respect to the hanging wall”)

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3.) Dip is defined as:

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The vertical angle formed between a horizontal plane and a bedding plane

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4.) The elastic rebound theory fails to explain some earthquakes because:

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Plastic deformation is more likely than elastic for deeper earthquakes

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5.) Seismic gaps are:

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Segments of active faults that have not produced earthquakes for a long period of time

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6.) The amount of damage caused by an earthquake as described by observers is measured by the:

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Intensity

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7.) The most serious ground shaking usually occurs in areas underlain by:

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Soft soil

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8.) Foliation can be described as:

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Parallel alignment of mineral grains

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9.) Which of the following is a foliated, phaneritic metamorphic rock?

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Gneiss

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10.) Which of the following rocks is often nonfoliated?

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Marble

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11.) Which pair of fault types below are most similar in terms of stress orientation?

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Reverse fault, thrust fault

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12.) The definition of strikes is

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The direction of a line formed by the intersection of a bedding plane an a horizontal plane

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13.) The jointing characteristics of a rock mass strongly influence the:

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All of the above

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14.) Metamorphism of limestone produces:

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Marble

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15.) Slate is a rock that was probably produced by metamorphism of:

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Shale

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16.) The deformation of rock material responding to the passage of P waves is oriented:

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Parallel to the direction of transport

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17.) Which of the following ranks the velocity of seismic waves in correct order from highest to lowest?

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P waves, S waves, surface waves

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18.) According to the elastic rebound theory:

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Deformation of the rocks without movement is continuous; rupture, movement along the fault, and a major earthquake occur when deformation reaches a critical level

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19.) A light-colored, coarse-grained banded metamorphic rock would most likely be a:

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Gniess

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20.) The most serious seismic-hazard is:

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Ground shaking

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Quiz 5:

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Good Luck

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1.) Conglomerate differs from breccia in that:

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The particles in conglomerate are rounded

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2.) Metamorphic rocks can be produced from:

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All of the above

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3.) Slate is a rock that was probably produced by metamorphism of:

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Shale

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4.) In order for metamorphism to occur, rocks must:

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None of the above (not “be subjected to extremely high pressure”)

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5.) A light-colored, coarse-grained banded metamorphic rock would most likely be a:

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Gneiss

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6.) The most important component of metamorphic processes is:

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Heat

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7.) A zone of altered rocks around an intruded magma is called a:

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Metamorphic aureole