Ca Geology Ppt L#2

Front 1

Believed in geocentric universe.
Logic-based not keen on experiments.
Crystalline spheres around the earth explained the night sky.
Everything orbited in perfect circles (not ellipses) around the earth.
Earth is stationary.
This model prevailed 1000 years but was wrong. Who believed this?

Back 1

The Western classical thinkers Aristotle and Ptolemy.

Front 2

Who were the famous scientist Astronomers?

Back 2

Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton

Front 3

This Astronomer in mid-15th century Poland.Heliocentric (sun at center of system)

- Suddenly the universe is a bigger place.*

- Still thought the planets had circular orbits because god would make them that way.

Back 3

Copernicus

Front 4

Astronomer believed in Elliptical orbits and his “laws” (elliptical orbits were heretical.

Back 4

Kepler (1571-1630)

Front 5

- Technology & experimentation promotes scientific progress.
- Promoted heliocentric (sun at the center) model & got into trouble w/ pope & Catholic Church.*
- Inertia –significant concept to those convinced the earth was spinning and moving. He came up with original idea but Newton articulated it better with his laws of motion.*
- made a telescope & observed Jupiter & its moons

Back 5

Galileo (1564-1642)

Front 6

- Heliocentric and elliptical orbit synthesis
- Principia –the world operates by natural laws that make things predictable. He sat and wrote a three volume book that changed the world.*

Back 6

Newton (1642-1727)

Front 7

-Protestant-Irish Archbishop James Ussher (1581–1656) used the Bible & external historical references to calculate the time and date of creation was October 22/23, 4004 BC. Smart guy who had to make a lot of assumptions. What is this referred to?
-17th Century began to challenge existing paradigms.

Back 7

Flood Geology & Young Earth

Front 8

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) French Geologist. Big high-energy events molded the planet and shaped what we see.* Used to explain extinctions events and not biblical floods.*
-William Buckland (1784-1856) British Geologist interpreted Cuvier’s work & linked it to Biblical Flood beliefs, but changed his mind. Maybe glaciers?*

Back 8

Catastrophism*

Front 9

____ by ____ AKA "Father of Modern Geology" states modern processes are representative of the slow and easy approach (changes are slow compared to human life) –Introduced the need for DEEP TIME.*

Back 9

Uniformitarianism;* James Hutton*

Front 10

___ (1797-1875) championed Uniformitarianism stating "present is key to past".* Claimed earth older than 300 million years (WHOA DEEP TIME)*

Back 10

Charles Lyell*

Front 11

Name the people who were behind these ideas.

Continental Drift:

Sea Floor Spreading & data from military sonar in WW2:

Plate Tectonics (1963):

Back 11

1. Alfred Wegener

2. Harry Hammond Hess

3. Drummond Matthews, Fred Vine, & Lawrence Morley

Front 12

Coined the term radioactivity in 1890s.

Back 12

Marie Curie

Front 13

These three got into the ultra small quantum world & subatomic world.

Back 13

Heisenberg (1901-1976),

Schrodinger (1887-1961),

Bose (1894-1974), etc.

Front 14

Relativity and E = MC2(Energy is equal to Mass multiplied by the speed of light squared). VERY Important to understand radioactivity. How we know sun and earth is hot.

Back 14

Einstein (1879-1955)

Front 15

Study how the natural world works. It’s an ongoing process to continually refine hypotheses and theories

Back 15

Science

Front 16

Explain the parts of the Scientific method.

Back 16

Observation, hypothesis, prediction, test (better have some technology) and repeat with new observation, hypothesis, prediction & test.

Front 17

____ are based on observations. ____ should be designed to disprove hypothesis if false. If a hypothesis passes a test the hypothesis is ___ (TEST QUESTION).* Predictions–if hypotheses are correct, then we should be able to predict things (this is the basis for designing future tests). If eventually a prediction fails then there may be a problem with the hypothesis.

Back 17

Hypotheses; tests; NOT proven;

Front 18

The goal is NOT to start with a premise and try to prove the premise.*
Tests should be designed such that they evaluate a hypothesis:
-Pass means hypothesis might be correct.
-Fail means hypothesis is shown to be incorrect
-Only after hypothesis has repeatedly withstood a large number of significant tests does it become eligible to be considered Scientific ____ or Scientific Law.*

Back 18

Theory

Front 19

Opinion has weight if backed by reliable/reproducible data and objective methodology.* A scientists credibility should always be continually tested & verified. Must be able to duplicate tests.

Back 19

YUP

Front 20

OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES MEAN VERY LITTLE IN SCIENCE. WHY?

Back 20

Personal experience is based on senses. Senses are very narrow in effectiveness and range of detection. Technology has expanded awareness of universe.

Front 21

_______ ARE IMPORTANT Because, we live our lives in environments that are NOT representative of the universe. Atom and the cathedral and bee analogy.

Back 21

Frames of Reference

Front 22

Can you feel speed?*

Back 22

No. You can feel acceleration and deceleration, but not speed.

Front 23

Earth rotates about 1,000 mph at equator. Why isn’t stuff flying around? Galileo and his recognition of ____. As articulated by Newton’s Laws of Motion: A body at rest stays at rest but a body in motion stays in motion.

Back 23

inertia

Front 24

Earth orbits the sun around ____ mph. Sun orbits galaxy at ____ mph. During the time of this class, we have all traveled about ___ miles.

Back 24

66,000 mph; 500,000 mph; 625,000 miles.*

Front 25

What revolutionary idea did the astronomers give us?**

Back 25

They made the universe bigger

Front 26

What revolutionary idea did the geologists give us?**

Back 26

The concept of DEEP Time.