Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolism
|
Coordination of chemical reactions whereby molecules are organized into specific structures
|
|
Catabolic
|
energy releasing reactions
|
|
Anabolic
|
energy requiring reactions
|
|
Name 7 Micronutrients
|
1) Chromium
2) Copper 3) Selenium 4) Zinc 5) Vanadium 6) Boron 7) Iron |
|
Name 7 Macronutrients
|
1) Carbon
2) Nitrogen 3) Oxygen 4) Hydrogen 5) Sulfur 6) Phosphorous 7) Manganese |
|
Chemically Defined Culture Media
|
prepared by adding precise amounts of organic or inorganic chemicals to distilled H20
|
|
Undefined complex culture media
|
employs digests of nutritious yet chemically undefined substances
|
|
Selective Media
|
contains compounds that selectively inhibit the growth of certain microbes
|
|
Differential Media
|
contains an indicator that allows for differentiation of particular chemical reactions during growth
|
|
How do you go about making a laboratory culture of microbes?
|
1) Culture medium must first be prepared and sterilized
2) Culture medium may be liquid (broth) or solid (gel form with agar) 3) Innoculate with chosen microbe culture (pure culture) 4) Pure culture contain only a single kind of organism 5) Incubate under proper conditions (typically at 37 deg. celsius) |
|
Energy
|
the capacity to do work
|
|
Free Energy (G)
|
the energy released that is available to do useful work
|
|
Exergonic Reactions
|
release energy (negative deltaG)
|
|
Endergonic Reactions
|
requires energy (postive deltaG)
|
|
What two things does a catalyst do?
|
1) lowers the energy of activation of a reaction
2) increases the rate of reaction |
|
Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by how many times?
|
10^8 to 10^20
|
|
Prosthetic Groups
|
covalenty bonded very tightly to enzymes permanently
|
|
Coenzymes
|
loosely bound to enzymes; may be associated with more than one type of enzyme (NAD+/NADH)
|
|
Cellulase
|
enzyme that break down cellulose
|
|
Glucose Oxidase
|
catalyzes the oxidation fo glucose
|
|
Ribonuclease
|
decomposes nucleic acid
|
|
What is the primary electron donor?
|
NAD+/NADH
|
|
What is the terminal electron acceptor?
|
O2
|
|
What are two mechanisms for energy conservation known in chemoorganotrophs?
|
1) Fermentation
2) Respiration |
|
Pyruvate
|
The end product of glycolysis
|
|
Which two roles does the Citric Acid Cycle play?
|
1) Bioenergetic
2) Biosynthetic |
|
Bioenergetic
|
Produces NADH and FADH for use in electron transport chain
|
|
Biosynthetic
|
produces compounds that are used in the synthesis of other important biomolecules
|
|
Substrate Level phosphortylation
|
an inorganic phosphate group gets added to an intermediate in the biochemical pathway and eventually gets transferred from ADP to for ATP
|
|
Oxidative Phosphorylation
|
cytoplasmic membrane energized by the proton motive force dissipates energy that allows ADP and PO4 to form ATP
|
|
What three classes of protein electron carriers does aerobic respiration use?
|
NADH dehydrogenases (accept 2e- or 2H+)
Flavoproteins (accept 2e- or 2H+) Cytochromes (accept single e-) |
|
Quiniones
|
another type of e- carrier that are non-protein
accept 2e- or 2H+ |
|
Proton Motive Force
|
When e- are transported through the e- transport chain, protons are extruded to the outside of the membrane
|
|
ATP Synthase (ATPase)
|
large membrane enzyme catalyst complex that is responsible for the conversion of the proton motive force (pmf) into the production of ATP
|
|
ATPase catalyzed ATP synthesis is referred to as what in respiratory systems?
|
oxidative phosphorylation
|
|
ATPase catalyzed ATP synthesis is referred to as what in phototropic systems?
|
Photo-phosphorylation
|
|
What is the primary difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
|
Anaerobic respiration uses e- acceptors other than O2, such as NO3-, Fe3+, SO42-, and CO32-
|
|
Photoautotrophy
|
Use light as an energy source in the process of photosynthesis
|