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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are flowering plants that produce seeds (located in a fruit) during sexual reproduction? |
angiosperms |
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What are cone bearing plants that produce seeds (not located in a fruit) during sexual reproduction? |
gymnosperms |
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What are plants that lack seeds and release spores for DNA dispersal? |
ferns and mosses |
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Describe anabaena and nostoc. |
prokaryotes: cyanobacteria
contain vegetative cells = non-specialized cells of cyanobacteria
contain heterocysts = specialized Nitrogen-fixing cells formed during Nitrogen starvation
contain akinetes = thick cell walls |
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Describe spirogyra. |
eukaryote: algae
kingdom: protistia
lacks tissue, releases zoospores for DNA dispersal, moist soil or aquatic
contains: cell wall nucleus chloroplast pyrenoid (starch grains) |
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Compare and contrast the observed eukaryote and prokaryotes. |
the eukaryote (spirogyra) is large and contains many organelles (nucleus, cell wall, chloroplast, pyrenoid), also contains DNA
the prokaryotes (anabaena ad nostoc) are small (barely visible) and much less complex |
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Describe the asexual methods of plant propagation. |
cuttings: parts of a plant (stem, leaves) may be cut from an adult plant and forced to root and develop into a new plant
corm/bulb: buds that form on a stem may break off and grow into an adult plant
tissue culture: cells from an adult plant may be forced to grow into undifferentiated callus, callus may then be stimulated to form roots and shoots to grow into an adult plant |
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Describe the sexual method of plant propagation. |
egg (ovary) + sperm (pollen grain) --> zygote --> embryo |
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Why do seedlings need food reserves during seed germination? |
need energy rich molecules as a source of organic molecules (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids) and energy
are undergoing heterotrophic nutrition |
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When do seedlings exhibit autotrophic nutrition? |
once the seedling reaches sunlight they will form photosynthetic tissue (leaves) |
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Where are the food reserves in a seed located? |
cotyledon or endosperm |
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Describe the endosperm of an exalbuminous seed (legumes such as beans and peas). |
endosperm is sparse or absent |
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Describe the endosperm of an albuminous seed (corn). |
endosperm abundant |
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What does germination require? |
water oxygen optimum temperature |
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What is the reducing agent during respiration? |
NADH |
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What are thin-walled cells? |
parenchyma |
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What are elongated cells with uneven wall thickness? |
colenchyma |
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What are dead cells with very thick cell walls, fibers, and sclereids? |
sclerenchyma |
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Describe an onion epidermal cell. |
contains: oil droplets (glyoxysomes) cytoplasm nucleus (and nucleolus) primary cell wall |
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Describe potato parenchyma cells. |
contains: amyloplast cytoplasm primary cell wall |
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What creates the purple color of the potato parenchyma cells? |
iodine + starch |
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Where are the orange pigments of tomato cells held? |
chromoplasts |
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What stores secretions of a geranium leaf? |
cytoplasm |
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List examples of a drupe. |
(stone fruit)
peach plum cherry |
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List examples of a pome. |
apple pear |
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List examples of a berry. |
grape tomato banana |
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Does a carrot have a tap root or fibrous root system? |
tap root |
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What protects the meristem from damage? |
root cap |
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What causes new cell formation? |
apical meristem |
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What allows for anchorage and increases surface area for absorption? |
root hairs |