Bones Of The Foot And Lower Leg

Front 1

Osteology of the foot

Articular surface

Back 1

The surface of the bone which is part of a joint

Front 2

Osteology of the foot

Concave surface

Back 2

A rounded depression

Front 3

Osteology of the foot

Convex surface

Back 3

A rounded elevation

Front 4

Osteology of the foot Groove

Back 4

A elongated depression (trench/gutter)

Front 5

Osteology of the foot

Tubercle

Back 5

small, roughened prominence

Front 6

Osteology of the foot Tuberosity

Back 6

A larger, roughened prominence

Front 7

Osteology of the foot

Tibia

shape

articulations

landmarks

Back 7

Osteology of the foot

Tibia

• Triangular in shape

• Medial, lateral and posterior surfaces

• Anterior, medial and lateral borders

Distal articulations

• Fibula

• Talus

Distal landmarks

• Medial malleolus

• Groove for tendon of tibialis posterior

Front 8

Osteology of the foot

Fibula

Back 8

Osteology of

the foot

Fibula

• Triangular in shape

• Medial, lateral and posterior surfaces

• Anterior, medial and posterior borders

Distal articulations

• Tibia (via fibular notch)

• Talus

Distal landmarks

• Lateral malleolus

• Malleolar fossa

• Groove for fibularis longus and brevis

Front 9

Osteology of the foot

Talus

Bony landmarks

Made up of

Back 9

Osteology of the foot

Talus

• Most superior bone in the foot

Made up of

• Head • Neck • Body

Bony landmarks

• Talar head

• Groove for flexor digitorum longs

• Medial tubercle

• Lateral tubercle

Front 10

Osteology of the foot

Superior surface of the talus

Back 10

Osteology of the foot

Superior surface of the talus

• Also known as the trochlear surface

• Articular surface widest anteriorly

• Lateral articular surface is larger than the

medial articular surface due to the larger lateral malleolus

Hint 10

Also known as

Surface sizes?

Front 11

Osteology of the foot

Inferior surface of the

talus

Back 11

Osteology of the foot

Inferior surface of the

talus

• Anterior facet

• Middle facet

• Posterior facet

• Sulcus tali

• Anterior surface (articulation for navicular)

Front 12

Osteology of the foot

Articular surfaces of the talus

Back 12

Osteology of the foot

Articular surfaces of the

talus

• Superior surface → inferior surface of tibia

• Lateral surface → lateral malleolus

• Anterior surface → posterior aspect of navicular

• Inferior surface → superior aspect of calcaneus

Hint 12

4 Articulations with other bones

Front 13

Osteology of the foot

Articular surfaces of the talus

• Medial surface

Back 13

• Medial surface → medial malleolus

Front 14

Osteology of the foot

Articular surfaces of the talus

Lateral surface

Back 14

• Lateral surface → lateral malleolus

Front 15

Osteology of the foot

Articular surfaces of the talus

Anterior surface

Back 15

• Anterior surface → posterior aspect of

navicular

Front 16

Osteology of the foot

Articular surfaces of the talus

Inferior surface

Back 16

• Inferior surface → superior aspect of calcaneus

Front 17

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Back 17

Osteology of the foot Calcaneus

Posterior aspect

and land marks

• Heel; largest, strongest bone in the foot

Posterior aspect

• Upper part

• Middle part (Achilles tendon attachment)

• Lower part (plantar aspect)

• Calcaneal tuberosity

Hint 17

Posterior aspect and land marks

Front 18

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Bony landmarks

Plantar aspect

Back 18

Bony landmarks

• Plantar aspect: •

Calcanea tuberosity

Front 19

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Bony landmarks

Medial process

Back 19

• Medial process (sometimes referred to as medial tubercle)

Front 20

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Bony landmarks

Lateral process

Back 20

• Lateral process

• Tubercle

Front 21

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Bony landmarks

Medial aspect

Back 21

Medial aspect

• Sustentaculum tali

• Groove for flexor hallucis longs

Front 22

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Bony landmarks

Lateral aspect

Back 22

Lateral aspect

• Attachment for calcaneofibular ligament

• Fibular trochlea

Front 23

Osteology of the foot

Calcaneus

Articulations

Back 23

Osteology of the foot

Articulations

• Anterior, middle and posterior talar surfaces of calcaneus → anterior,middle and posterior facets of the talus

• Anterior surface → cuboid

Front 24

Osteology of the foot

Navicular

Proximal, concave surface

& aspects

Back 24

Osteology of

the foot

Navicular

• Proximal, concave surface → talus

• Dorsal/medial aspects wider than plantar/lateral aspects

Front 25

Osteology of the foot

Navicular

Bony landmarks

Back 25

Bony landmarks

• Navicular Tuberosity; medial plantar aspect

Front 26

Osteology of the foot

Navicular

Articulations

Back 26

• Articulations:

• Posterior aspect → talus

• Anterior aspect → posterior surfaces of the cuneiforms *May articulate with the cuboid

Front 27

Osteology of the foot

Cuneiforms

Back 27

Three (3) cuneiforms

Shaped like a wedge

(wider superiorly than inferiorly)

Front 28

Cuneiforms

Medial cuneiform

Articulations

Back 28

Medial cuneiform

Articulations

Posteriorly with the navicular Anteriorly with bases of 1st and 2nd metatarsals

Laterally with intermediate cuneiform

Front 29

Intermediate

cuneiform

Articulations

Back 29

Intermediate cuneiform

-Posteriorly with the navicular

-Anteriorly with the base of the 2nd metatarsi

-Medially with the medial

cuneiform

- Laterally with the lateral

cuneiform

Front 30

Lateral cuneiform

Articulations

Back 30

Lateral cuneiform

Posteriorly with the navicular

Anteriorly with the base of the2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals

Medially with the intermediate cuneiform

Laterally with the cuboid

Front 31

Cuboid

Most lateral tarsal bone

Articulations

Back 31

Osteology of the foot

Cuboid

• Most lateral tarsal bone

• Articulations:

• Posterior aspect of cuboid → calcaneus

• Medial aspect of cuboid → lateral cuneiform

•Anterior aspect of cuboid → bases of the 4th and 5th metatarsals

*May articulate with the navicular

Front 32

Osteology of the foot

Cuboid

Bony landmarks

Back 32

Bony landmarks

• Tuberosity (lateral aspect)

• Groove for fibularis longus (anterior to tuberosity on the inferior surface)

Front 33

Osteology of the foot

Metatarsals

Comprises of

Back 33

Osteology of the foot Metatarsals

• Numbered 1 to 5 (medial → lateral)

1st metatarsal is the thickest, shortest

2nd metatarsal is the longest

5th has a prominent tuberosity (lateral aspect of base – Styloid process)

• Comprises of: • Base (proximal), shaft, head (distal)

Front 34

Osteology of the foot

Metatarsals

Proximal articulations

Back 34

• Proximal articulations: Bases of metatarsals 2-5 articulate with each other Cuneiforms, cuboid

Front 35

Osteology of the foot

Metatarsals

Distal articulations

Back 35

• Distal articulations: Head of 1st metatarsal → base of 1st proximal phalanx, sesamoid bones

Head of 2nd metatarsal → base of 2nd proximal phalanx

Front 36

Phalanges (toes)

comprises of

Back 36

Phalanges (toes)

• Each toe comprises of three bones

• Proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx

• The big toe (hallux) comprises of proximal phalanx and distal phalanx

• Each phalanx comprises of:

• Base(proximal)• Shaft• Head (distal)

Front 37

Osteology of the foot

Phalanges (toes)

Articulations

Back 37

• Articulations Base of the proximal phalanx → head of the corresponding metatarsal

Head of the proximal phalanx → base of the middle/distal phalanx

Non-articular, crescent shaped head of distal phalanx (end of your toe)

Front 38

Sesamoid bones

Where and what

do they do

Back 38

Osteology of the foot

Sesamoid bones

• Located under the 1st metatarsal head

• Medial (tibial) sesamoid

• Lateral (fibular) sesamoid

• Lie within the tendon of flexor hallucis brevis

• Assist in joint function by:

• Altering the ‘pull’ of muscles

• Reducing friction

• Resisting compressive forces