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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acrosome reaction
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plasma membrane of the sperm head is altered so that the underlying membrane-bound acrosomal enzymes are exposed to the outside
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Afterbirth
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Entire placenta becomes separated from the underlying uterine wall and a wave of urterine contractions delivers the placenta
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Alveolus
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Sites of milk secretion
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Amnion
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epithlial layer lining the cavity derived from inner cell mass
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Amniotic fluid
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fluid in amniotic cavity; buffers mechanical disturbances and temperature variations
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Amniotic sac
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Epithelial layer lining the cavity derived from inner cell mass
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Antrum
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fluid filled space in the midst of the granulosa cells
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Atresia
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Example of programmed cell death
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Blastocyst
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cells have lost their totipotentiality and have begun to differentiate
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Capacitation
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sperm are not able to fertilize the egg until they have resided in the female tract for several hours and been aced upon by secretions of the tract
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Cervix
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Lower portion of the uterus
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Chorion
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outer most layers of trophoblast cells supplying the fetal portion of placenta
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Chorionic villi
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projections of the trophoblast cells extending from the chorion into the endometrium
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Cleavage
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mitotic cell divisions
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Clitoris
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female homolog of the penis
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Colostrum
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watery fluid secreted initially after delivery by the breasts
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Conceptus
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a collective term for everything derived from the original zygote throughout pregnancy
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Congenital
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specific abnormalities existing at birth
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Corpus luteum
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enlarged granulosa cells which secrete estrogen, progesterone and inhibin
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Cumulus oophorous
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mound formed from granulosa cell layers surrounding the egg that projects into the antrum
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Dominant follicle
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the larger antral follicle
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Dopamine
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secreted by hypothalamus, inhibit anterior pituitary cells that secrete prolactin
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egg
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female germ cells at any stage of development
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Embryo
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the developing human
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Endometrium
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epithelial lining of the uterus
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Estrogen priming
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presence of estrogen
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Fallopian tube
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open into abdominal cavity and cavvity of the uterus
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Female external genitalia
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mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule of vagina and vestibular glands
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Myometrium
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underlying uterine smooth muscle
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Oogenesis
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production of gametes during the fetal period
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Oogonium
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primitive germ cells
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Ovulation
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release of the egg from the ovary
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Oytocin
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released from posterior pituitary, potent uterine muscle stimulant
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Parturition
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affects that occur in the uterus during the last few weeks of pregnancy
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Perimenopause
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phase of life beginning with menstrual irregularity
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Placenta
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organ of exchange between mother and fetus
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Primary oocyte
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oogonia develop into primary oocytes which begin first meiotic division by replicating their DNA
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Primordial follicle
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one primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cells
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PRF
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stimulate the release of dopamine
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Proliferative phase
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period of growth of the endometrium
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Secondary oocyte
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retains all cytoplasm
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Female internal genitalia
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2 fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina
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Fertilization
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fusion of a sperm and egg
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Fetus
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after 2 months
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Fimbria
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fingerlike projections in the fallopian tube
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Follicle
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egg exists here
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Follicular phase
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single mature follicle and secondary oocyte develop
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Fraternal twins
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more than one egg becomes ovulated and different sets of genes are carried
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Graafian follicle
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the mature follicle
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granulosa cell
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single layer of cells
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hCG
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hormone that causes the persistance of the corpus luterum during pregnancy
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Human placental lactogen
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protein hormone that mobilizes fat and stimulates glucose production
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Hymen
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thin fold of mucous membrane partially overlying the vaginal opening
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Implantation
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the embedding of the blastocyst into the endometrium
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Inner cell mass
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gives rise to the developing human
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Lactation
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secretion of milk by the mammary glands
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LH surge
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peak of LH approximately 18 hours before ovulation
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Luteal phase
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beginning after ovulation and lasting until the death of the corpus luteum
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Mammary gland
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breasts
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Meiotic arrest
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state until puberty where primary oocytes do not complete their division
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Menarche
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the first menstruation
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Menopause
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menstrual cycles cease
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Menstrual cycle
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maturation of the female gametes followed by its release from the ovary
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Menstrual phase
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first day of menstrual flow and the entire duration of menstruation
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Menstruation
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the first day of menstrual flow
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Milk ejection reflex
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movement of milk into the ducts
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Myoepithelial cell
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specialized contractile cells surrounding the aveoli and the ducts adjacent to them
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Secretory phase
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part of menstrual cycle between ovulation and the onset of the next menstruation
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Sinus
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a pool of maternal blood
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Theca
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play an important role in estrogen secretion by the granulosa cells
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Totipotent
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has the capacity to develop into an entire individual
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trophoblast
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outer layer of cells in blastocyst
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Umbilical artery
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blood flow from the fetus into the capillaries of the chorionic villi via this artery
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Umbilical cord
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connects fetus to the placenta
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Umbilical Vein
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out of the capillaries and back to the fetus
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Uterus
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muscular organ between urinary bladder and rectum; source of menstrual flow and place where fetus develops
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Vagina
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canal leading from the uterus to the outside
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Vulva
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another name for all the female external genitalia
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Zona pellucida
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thick layer of material separating the oocyte from the inner granulosa cells
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Zygote
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newly fertilized egg
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