Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What antigens display dosage ?
|
MNS, Duffy, Kidd, C/s, E/e
|
|
How do you know an antigen display dosage ?
|
Stronger reaction in homozygous cells compare to heterozygous cells in the panel
|
|
Are HTLA antibodies signifant?
|
When they masked other alloantibodies. And some are clinically significant: Cartwright (Yta), Holley (Hy), Gregory (Gy)
|
|
How do you know if there are antibodies to test reagents?
|
Autocontrol is negative, and arcross-the-board reactivity
|
|
What do you do if you suspect antibodies to test reagents?
|
Washed the test cells to remove these antigens
|
|
What does that mean when only one test cell is positive?
|
That there may be a low incidence antigens such as Wra and Kpa
|
|
Explain polyagglutination.
|
Human serum contains some naturally occuring antibodies i.e. T, Tn, Tk, Cad. If the RBC antigens are altered by bacterial neuraminidase via T-activation, the RBC can agglutinate due to the antibodies.
|
|
How do you test for polyagglutination?
|
These agglutinable RBC can only be agglutinated by adult serum. There is no agglutination with cord serum.
|
|
What is the use of hemagglutination inhibition (neutralizing substances)?
|
These substances mimics some antigens on red cells. Therefore the antibodies that originally bind to the antigens on RBC now binds to the neutralizing substances. This cause abolition of reactivity.
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, guinea pig urine
|
Sda
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Hydatid cyst fluid
|
P1
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Saliva
|
H, Lea
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, breast milk.
|
I
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Pigeon eggs
|
P1
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Plasma
|
Chido, Rodgers (non clinically significant HTLA antibodies)
|
|
What are lectins?
|
Substances (plant derived) that binds to specific antigens on red cells and cause agglutination.
|
|
Ficin, papain and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes that ....
|
Either enhances or destroyed antigenicity of antigens.
|
|
Name antigens that ficin enchances?
|
Kidd, Le, I/i, P, Rh
|
|
Name antigens that ficin destroys?
|
MNSs, Fya, Fyb, Lutheran, Chido, Rodgers, Yta (HTLA clinical sig Ab)
|
|
Why would a AB - person has anti-A1 antibodies?
|
Because the phenotype is A2B -. 25% of these ppl develop anti A1, which is IgM, clinically insignificant antibody. Pre-warm cross match
|
|
Most common cause of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
|
Anti-Kell and second is anti-c
|
|
What are other milder forms of HDN?
|
HDN due to ABO incompatibility. O mothers give birth to either A or B babies. the Anti-A and anti-B are natural occuring, therefore HDN can happen in first pregnancy.
|
|
What antigens display dosage ?
|
MNS, Duffy, Kidd, C/s, E/e
|
|
How do you know an antigen display dosage ?
|
Stronger reaction in homozygous cells compare to heterozygous cells in the panel
|
|
Are HTLA antibodies signifant?
|
When they masked other alloantibodies. And some are clinically significant: Cartwright (Yta), Holley (Hy), Gregory (Gy)
|
|
How do you know if there are antibodies to test reagents?
|
Autocontrol is negative, and arcross-the-board reactivity
|
|
What do you do if you suspect antibodies to test reagents?
|
Washed the test cells to remove these antigens
|
|
What does that mean when only one test cell is positive?
|
That there may be a low incidence antigens such as Wra and Kpa
|
|
Explain polyagglutination.
|
Human serum contains some naturally occuring antibodies i.e. T, Tn, Tk, Cad. If the RBC antigens are altered by bacterial neuraminidase via T-activation, the RBC can agglutinate due to the antibodies.
|
|
How do you test for polyagglutination?
|
These agglutinable RBC can only be agglutinated by adult serum. There is no agglutination with cord serum.
|
|
What is the use of hemagglutination inhibition (neutralizing substances)?
|
These substances mimics some antigens on red cells. Therefore the antibodies that originally bind to the antigens on RBC now binds to the neutralizing substances. This cause abolition of reactivity.
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, guinea pig urine
|
Sda
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Hydatid cyst fluid
|
P1
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Saliva
|
H, Lea
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, breast milk.
|
I
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Pigeon eggs
|
P1
|
|
Name antigen it mimics, Plasma
|
Chido, Rodgers (non clinically significant HTLA antibodies)
|
|
What are lectins?
|
Substances (plant derived) that binds to specific antigens on red cells and cause agglutination.
|
|
Ficin, papain and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes that ....
|
Either enhances or destroyed antigenicity of antigens.
|
|
Name antigens that ficin enchances?
|
Kidd, Le, I/i, P, Rh
|
|
Name antigens that ficin destroys?
|
MNSs, Fya, Fyb, Lutheran, Chido, Rodgers, Yta (HTLA clinical sig Ab)
|
|
Why would a AB - person has anti-A1 antibodies?
|
Because the phenotype is A2B -. 25% of these ppl develop anti A1, which is IgM, clinically insignificant antibody. Pre-warm cross match
|
|
Most common cause of Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
|
Anti-Kell and second is anti-c
|
|
What are other milder forms of HDN?
|
HDN due to ABO incompatibility. O mothers give birth to either A or B babies. the Anti-A and anti-B are natural occuring, therefore HDN can happen in first pregnancy.
|