Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What common characteristic do the P, I and Lutheran antigens have? |
None of their antigens are developed at birth and take from 18 months to years to develop.
|
|
The P antibodies can all bind complement, which means they can all cause in-vivo _________
|
hemolysis
|
|
What structrue does the P phenotype have?
|
Cer-Gluc-Gal-Gal-N-acetyl-gal
|
|
What structrue does the p phenotype have?
|
Cer-Gluc-Gal-N-acetyl-gal-Gal-NeuAC
|
|
What structrue does the pk phenotype have?
|
Cer-Gluc-Gal-Gal
|
|
What structrue does the P1 phenotype have?
|
Cer-Gluc-Gal-N-acetyl-gal-Gal-Gal
|
|
The anti-P found as a naturally occurring antibody in the serum of all pk individuals is Ig
_____, while the anti-P found in PCH is Ig _____. |
M, G
|
|
Fill in the following:
Phenotype Antigens P1 P2 p P1k P2k |
P and P1
P no p antigens P1 and Pk Pk |
|
Fill in the following:
Phenotype Possible Antibodies P1 P2 p P1k P2k |
none
Anti-P1 Anti-P P1 Pk(Tja) Anti-P Anti-P and Anti-P1 |
|
I antigen is strongest on ________ cells while i antigen is strongest on _________ cells.
|
Adult, cord
|
|
Which individual can build allo-anti-I?
|
The rare i positive adult
|
|
Which antibody system shows a loose mixed field agglutination pattern?
|
Lutheran
|
|
Anti-Lua is usually Ig _____ , while Anti-Lub is usually Ig _____.
|
M, G
|
|
Describe the three genetic pathways for the Lu(a-b-) phenotype.
|
Dominant suppressor/inhibitor gene
Recessive silent allele Recessive X-linked |
|
Which antibody is directed against an antigen found on the X chromosome?
|
Xga
|
|
Which antibody has been found in AIHA?
|
Wra
|
|
Which antigen has a higher incidence in North, South and Central American Indians?
|
Dia
|
|
Which antigen is poorly developed at birth and the corresponding antibody is found in individuals who are multi-transfused?
|
Cartwright
|
|
Define low avidity
|
loose fragile agglutination
|
|
List 5 HTLA antibodies.
|
Chido, Rogers, York, Cost-Sterling, John Milton Hagen, Knops, McCoy
|
|
Which 2 HTLA antibodies are neutralized by antigen positive plasma?
|
Chido, Rogers
|
|
Fill in the blanks:
HLA-B7 = _____ _______ = Bgb HLA-A28 = ____ |
Bga
HLA Bw17 Bgc |
|
Which of the following describe the HTLA antibodies?
Strong reactions at the AHG phase Rarely react at the 37C phase Reactions are similar with all red blood cells Antibodies are IgG and noncomplement binding Easily washed off Often hard to reproduce the same reaction results |
Rarely reacts at 37C
IgG and Non Complement Easily washed off Often hard to reproduce results |
|
Do the HTLA antigens have a high or low frequency?
|
High
|
|
Based on AABB Standards, which of the following donor selection criteria is for the protection of the donor?
A. Whole blood donation interval B. Temperature C. History of infectious diseases D. Recent ingestion of aspirin |
Whole blood donation interval
|
|
Based on the AABB Standards, which of the following donor selection criteria is for the protection of the patient?
A. Blood pressure B. Pregnancy C. Recent vaccination D. Pulse |
recent vaccination
|
|
During a medical history evaluation, a prospective donor indicates that she returned from a trip to Southeast Asia 3 months ago. Malaria is endemic there, but she did not take any prophylactic medications. For what additional period of time must she be deferred?
A. 3 months longer B. 6 months longer C. 9 months longer D. Defer indefinitely |
9 months longer
|
|
Which of the following represents an acceptable donor?
Hct BP Temp Pulse Age A 39 110/70 99.8 75 40 B 37 135/85 98.6 80 35 C 45 115/80 98.6 102 17 D 41 90/50 99.4 65 65 |
D
|
|
Which of the following medications will defer a donor for 30 days from last use?
A. Aspirin B. Vitamins C. Accutane D. Tetracycline for acne |
Accutane
|
|
A female donor who was hospitalized 6 months ago and received blood transfusions must be deferred for how long?
A. No additional deferral B. 3 months C. 6 months D. 9 months |
6 months
|
|
Below are the results of the history obtained from a prospective female blood donor. How many of the below results will exclude this donor from donating a unit of whole blood?
Age: 18 History: Tetanus toxoid immunization 1 week ago Temp: 99.0 Hct: 38% Pulse: 80 bts/min Hgb: 12.5 g/dL A. None B. One C. Two D. Three |
None
|
|
A person who has received a tattoo is deferred from donating blood for:
A. 6 months B. 12 months C. 3 years D. Indefinitely |
12 months
|
|
Below are the results of pre-donation screening for a female blood donor. Would this donor be acceptable?
Last donation: one year ago Age: 30 Hct: 36% Temp: 37.2C Weight: 140 pounds Pulse: 60 beats/min BP: 160/90 A. Yes B. No, the emperature is too high C. No, the Hct is too low D. No, the diastolic blood pressure is too high |
No, the Hct is too low
|
|
Donors must be given an opportunity to indicated that their blood should not be used for transfusion. This must be done in a private, confidential manner and is called
A. Donor referral B. Self exclusion C. Donor interview D. Donor look back |
Self exclusion
|
|
What virus is responsible for greater than 90% of Hepatitis (hint: not HBV or HAV)?
|
Hepatitis C.
|
|
What was a surrogate tests for Hepatitis C? Why did the laboratory perform this test?
|
The HBcAb. This test was used to indirectly identify donor blood that may be able to transmit hepatitis. This test is often abnormal in patient's with HCV and HBV infections, however, they are not specific for either infection. They were instituted before the test for HCV antibody was available. They were NOT discontinued when the specific test became available because it was uncertain how "good" the new test would be at preventing transfusion associated HCV infections. ALT is now not required except for plasma sent abroad.
|
|
What type of reagent cell can be used for screening for antibodies in donor samples?
Why do you use different screening cells for patient's vs. donors? |
Pooled screening cells (cells from different donors combined into one vial) can be used for donor antibody screening tests. It is NOT important to detect low titer antibodies in donor serum because the antibody will be diluted when it is transfused.
This is NOT permitted when performing antibody screens for potential recipients because failure to detect a low titer antibody may result in a secondary immune response when RBCs carrying the corresponding antigen are transfused. |
|
What is the disposition of UNITS and do we defer the DONOR when:
Pos HIV antibody EIA +, Western Blot - EIA +, Western Blot + |
Discard, Permanent Deferral
Discard, Permanent Deferral; Notification |
|
What is the disposition of UNITS and do we defer the DONOR when:
Pos HBsAg EIA +, Neutralization assay - EIA+, Neutralization assay + |
Discard, Refer to Anti-HBc, if non-reactive no deferral
Discard, Permanent Deferral; Notification |
|
What is the disposition of UNITS and do we defer the DONOR when:
Pos antibody screen |
RBCs-Use, No deferral, Plasma-Discard
|
|
What is the disposition of UNITS and do we defer the DONOR when:
Pos HBcAB (first time) |
Discard, Donor deferred only if subsequent units test positive
|
|
What is the disposition of UNITS and do we defer the DONOR when:
ABO discrepancy |
Use if resolved, No deferral
|
|
What is the disposition of UNITS and do we defer the DONOR when:
pos RPR FTA neg FTA pos |
Discard, 12 month deferral, Notification
Discard, Permanently deferred, Notification |
|
What infectious disease tests are currently required on all allogeneic donor units?
|
Bacterial detection plts; STS; WNV
HBsAg; Anti HBc; Anti HTLV I/II; Anti HIV-1/2; HIV-1 RNA HCV RNA; Anti HCV; |
|
A donor unit which tests initially positive for an infectious marker
a. Is repeated in duplicate prior to reporting the results. b. Can be labeled but then put in quarantine until testing is completed. c. Should be discarded immediately. d. Can be used for research. |
Is repeated in duplicate prior to reporting the results
|
|
Circle all the serologic tests that are currently required on allogeneic donor units.
a. ABO forward and reverse type b. RH type, including Weak D c. Screen for unexpected red cell antibodies d. DAT e. ABO subtyping f. Rh phenotyping |
ABO forward and reverse type
Rh type, including weak D Screen for unexpected red cell antibodies |
|
Which statement is true regarding ABO/Rh typing of donor units?
a. Previous type records may be used to resolve a discrepancy and label unit. b. ABO reverse grouping can only be done on serum, but not plasma from the donor. c. Rh typing should be repeated only on units from donors previously typed as Rh negative. d. Rh typing must include a test for weak D (Du) when the initial anti D typing is negative. |
Rh typing must include a test for weak D (Du) when the initial anti D typing is negative
|
|
An asymptomatic donor who tests positive for HBsAg
a. Probably has a false positive test result b. May be a chronic carrier of HBV. c. May be in the incubation phase of acute hepatitis B. d. Both b and c. |
May be a chronic carrier of HBV
May be in the incubation phase of acute hepatitis B |
|
Anti HBc in donor testing
a. Is a surrgate test for hepatitis. b. Was instituted to reduce the risk of transfusion associated hepatitis. c. May indicate the presence of HBV when positive. d. All of the above. |
Is a surrogate test for hepatitis
Was instituted to reduce the risk of transfusion associated hepatitis. May indicate the presence of HBV when positive. |