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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
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1) Define blood
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a. CT w/ cells, suspended in plasma
b. 6-8% BW, CT = loose, special tense c. Fxns: transprot of nutrients and o2 directlly/indirectly d. Delivery hormones, maintaine homeostasis |
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c. Plasma:
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i. 90% water, 10%solutes (proteins, sugar liiouds, salts)
ii. Fxns: albumin – osmotic prssure, globulin – defense mechanism , carrie proteins for copper, iron and globin, or clotting formation |
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d. Eryhtrocytes:
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i. 5-10 million cu/mm
ii. Anucleated, devoid of organelles, biconcave for SA for gas exchange, 7.5 um diameter iii. Rouleaux formation, pile like stacks for surface tension when plasma protein con ce high iv. Life splan 120 days, 250 mill hb per rbc, hb can bind 4 mol o2 v. Fxn: tranport o2 and co2 vi. Proteins: integral – glycosylated for blood type antigen, peripheral for membrane skeleton and shape at inner surface of cell mem |
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e. Leukocytes:
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i. 5000-10000 cu/ mm
ii. From bone marrow, carry surface proteins which bind to receptors on endothelial cells in bv iii. Fxns: defense systems in tissues iv. Different granules: 1. Azurophilic: microbicidal agens, killand degrade engulfed microogranisms 2. Specific: most numerous, small, antimicrobial substances 3. Tertiary granules: gelatinase, secrete enzymes to degarade tissue and ex. matrix |
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f. Neutrophils:
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i. 60-70% leukocytes
ii. Cytoplasm: pink iii. Nuc: segmented w/ thin chromatin iv. Granules: pink/lilac and fine v. 55% larger than rbc vi. Fxn: motile first to site of infection, short lived die by apotosis vii. Females: barr bodies (inactive x chrom) drumstick shape and secrete interleukin |
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g. Eosinophils:
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i. 2-4%
ii. Cytoplasm: pinkish, iii. Nuc: bi lobed iv. Granules: organe/pink large refractile v. 12-17um diameter vi. Fxn: hydrolytic enzymes – histaminases and crystalloid body w/ proteins vii. Defense against helminthic parasites |
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h. Basophils:
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i. 1%
ii. Difficult to find iii. Cyto: basophilic iv. Nuc: pale staining irreg lobes, overlying granules v. Metachromatically b/c of heparin, s or j shpaed vi. Ganules: blue/black and overlap nuc vii. Fxn: precursors of mast cells and help in hypersensitivty rxns viii. Has receptors for IgE on mem |
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i. Lymphocytes
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i. 20-30%
ii. 6-18um diameter, iii. Cyto: light blue iv. Round hypercrjomatic dense nuc w/ little indentation v. Fxns: imunity, return from tissues back to blood after diapedesis |
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small lymph
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1. Blood smears, spherical nuc, condensed chromatin, 90%. Few mito
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med lymph
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1. Mitochondria/polysomes
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large lymph
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1. Natural killer cells – activaed form
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b lymph
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1. Humoral immunity
2. From plasma cells when activated 3. From BM 4. Experss: IgA, IgD. IgM, IgE, IgG |
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t lymph
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1. Cellular immunity
2. Longer life span and from thymus 3. Cd4 and cd8 |
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natural killer cells
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1. Kill virus infected cells and tumor cells
2. Granular, prominent azurophlic granules 3. Cd16, cd56, cd94 |
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monocytes
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: 3-8%
i. Oval, kidney shaped mnuc ii. Less condensed chromatin, lightly stained iii. Largest intravvascular cell iv. Light blue-gray cytoplasm, very fine granules v. Become macrophages when go to CT – engulf debris |
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thrombocytes (platelet)
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i. 150,000-400, 000/ L
ii. Disk like cell frags (2-4um) iii. Fragments of megakaryocyes seen in bone marrow only iv. Blood clotting and repair of bv v. Life span = 10 days |
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6) Give significance of reticulocyte count
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a. Evaulate erythropoeises (normal < 1% of circulating RBC)
b. Incraese in circulating blood - incicative of anemia, hemorrahage or hemolysis |
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normal count erythrocyte:
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4.5-5.5 mill/cu mm blood
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normal count leukocytes
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5000-9000 per cu/,\ mm blood
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granular leukocytes
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neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
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agranular leukocytes
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lymphocytes, monocytes
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platelets or thrombocytes normal count
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150000-400000 per cu mm blood,
2 parts: hyalomere (clear) and granulomere or chromomere colored |
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prenatal stages hematopoeissis
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mesoblastic phase, hepatic phase, myeloid phase
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what does erythyrpotein do
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stimulates bone marrow to produce rbc
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myeloid tissue
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developing blood cells and conective tissue stoma (sinusoids and stromal cell types: macrophages, fibroblasts, reticular cells, adipose cells)
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hemocytoblast
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stem cell which all blood cells originate
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albumin
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size 60,000-70 Da, in liver, maintains collodial and ostmotic pressure, transport metabolites
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globulin alpha and beta
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80,000-1k Da in liver, transport metal ions, protein bound lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
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gobulin gamma
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frm plasma cells, antibodies for immune
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clotting proteins
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prothrombin, fibriongen, accelerator golbulin, frm liver, formation of fibrin threads
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complent proteins c1 to c9
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frm liver, dstruction of microorganism and initation of inflammation
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plastma lipoproteins, chylomicrons
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100-500um, frm intestinal epithelial cells to transfer triglycerides to liver
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vldl proteins
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25-70nm frm liver, transfer triglycerides from liver to body cells
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ldl proteins
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3,000,000 da frm liver, transfer triglcercides from liver to body cells
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