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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An incomplete bony ring in the upper extremity formed by the two scapulae and clavicles
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Shoulder Girdle
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Flat, triangular bone on the upper posterior thorax
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Scapula
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S shaped bone articulating with scapula and sternum
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Clavicle
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Depression in lateral superior scapula
Socket for shoulder joint |
Glenoid Fossa
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Ring of fibrocartilage around rim of glenoid fossa
Deepens socket for shoulder joint |
Glenoid Labrum
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Fibrous, fluid filled sac that reduces friction
Located between bones, tendons, and other structures |
Bursa
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Bursa between acromion process and insertion of supraspinatus muscle
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Subacromial Bursa
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Curved process arising from upper neck of scapula
Overhangs shoulder joint |
Coracoid Process
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Articulation between sternum and clavicle
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Sternoclavicular Joint
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Articulation between acromion process of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
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Acromioclavicular Joint
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Physiological joint between the scapula and thorax
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Scapulothoracic Joint
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Articulation between the head of humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
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Glenohumeral Joint
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Movesments of the Shoulder Complex (8)
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Dislocation, Rotation, Elevation, Depression, Protraction, Retraction, Horizontal Flexion & Extension
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Movement relationship between humerus and scapula during arm raising movements
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Scapulohumeral Rhythm
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Scapular and clavicular movements accompany ___?
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any arm movement
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What are the 4 muscles surrounding the shoulder joint?
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Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis
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The shoulder generates greatest strength during ___?
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Adduction
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The shoulder's weakest movements are ___ and ___
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Internal and external rotation
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Muscles generate almost _% of BW at 90 degrees abduction
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90%
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Injuries in the Shoulder Complex occur in from 2 ways: __ & __
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Trauma and Repetitive joint actions
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Rupture of fibers of ligament
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Sprain
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Partial dislocation
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Subluxation
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Break in bone, often clavicle
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Fracture
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Hardening of organic tissue through deposit of calcium salts in areas away from the normal sites
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Ectopic Calcification
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Deterioration of Tissue
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Degeneration
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Inflammation of bursa
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Bursitis
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Irritation of structures about shoulder joint
Due to compression between greater tuberosity and acromion process |
Impingement Syndrom
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Common from impingement syndrome
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Subacromial Bursitis
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Inflammation of the tendon of the biceps brachii
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Bicipital Tendinitis
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Articulation between ulna and humerus
"Elbow" |
Ulnar Humeral Joint
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Articulation between radius and humerus
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Radiohumeral Joint
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Angle between ulna and humerus with elbow extended
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Medial and Lateral Epicondyles Carry Angle
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What degrees is the Carrying Angle?
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10 - 20 degrees
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Articulations between ulna and radius
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Radioulnar Joint
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Thin layer of tissue running between ulna and radius
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Interosseous membrane
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___ groups are nearly twice as strong as ___ groups
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Flexor and Extensor
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Bone formation away from normal site
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Ectopic Bone
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Torn or disrupted tissue
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Rupture
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Medial elbow pain from excessive valgus forces
"Pitchers Elbow" |
Medial Tension Syndrome
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Inflammation of bone and cartilage resulting in splitting pieces of cartilage into the joint
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Osteochondritis Dissecans
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"Wrist" or Ellipsoid Joint
Flexion/Extension, Radial/Ulnar Flexion |
Radiocarpal
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Articulation between two rows of carpals
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Midcarpal
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Articulation between a pair of carpals
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Intercarpal
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Articulations between carpals and metacarpals
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Carpometacarpal
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Articulations between metacarpals and phalanges
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Metacarpophalangeal
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Articulations between phalanges
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Interphalangeal
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Mound of radial side of palm formed by intrinsic muscles acting on thumb
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Thenar Eminence
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Mound on ulnar side of palm created by intrinsic muscles acting on little finger
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Hypothenar Eminence
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Powerful hand position
Maximally flexing fingers around object |
Power Grip
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FIne movement hand position
Minimally flexing fingers around object |
Precision Grip
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Longitudinal fracture of base of 1st metacarpal
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Bennett's Fracture
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Avulsion of finger extensor tendons at distal phalanx
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Mallet Finger
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Stiff proximal interphalangeal articulation
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Boutonniere Deformity
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Avulsion of finger flexor
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Jersey Finger
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Snapping during flexion and extension of fingers
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Trigger Finger
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Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendon
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Tenosynovitis
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Pressure and constriction of median nerve
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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___ and ___ provide stability.
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Ligaments and Muscles
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How can you reduce injury from occurring?
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Stretching and Strength Training
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The lower limbs are connected to eachother and the trunk by the ___?
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Pelvic Girdle
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What is the function of the pelvis?
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Establishes the correct positioning for lower extremity and trunk
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Both the pelvic and shoulder girdles ___, ___, and ___
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Provide protection, serve as muscle attachment sites, and move to accomodate limb movements
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What are the 3 bones of the pelvic girdle?
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Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
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A fibrous band of fascia running down lateral thigh attaching across knee
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Illiotibial Band
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Extension of the thigh is caused by what 2 muscles?
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Hamstrings and Gluteus Maximus
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What 4 muscles abduct the thigh?
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Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae, and piriformis
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What 5 muscles adduct the thigh?
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Gracialis, adductors longus, brevis, and magnus, and the pectineus
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Standing: Hip load is ___%
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30
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Standing on 1 Limb: Hip load is ___.
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2.5-3.0 x BW
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Stair climbing: Hip load is ___
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3x BW
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Walking: Hip load is ___
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4 -7x BW
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Running: Hip load is ___
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up to 10x BW
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The hip can withstand ___ BW
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12-15x
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Conditioning should focus on the ___ and ___ of all muscles.
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Flexibility and Resistance
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More than ___% of hip injuries occur in the soft tissue
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60%
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Overuse injuries to the pelvis and hip joint account for only __%
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5%
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___% will occur during running
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62%
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___% are associated with varum alignment in the legs
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62%
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___% due to length discrepancy
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30%
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The knee is what kind of joint?
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Double Condyloid Joint
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The knee has __ degrees of freedom which are __ and __
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2, Flexion and Extension
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The knee joint consists of three articulations? __, __, and __
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Tibiofemoral, Patellafemoral, and Fibiofemoral
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What muscle group extends the knee?
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Quadriceps Femoris
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What are the muscles within the Quadriceps Femoris?
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Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis, and Vastus Medialis
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What muscle group flexes the knee?
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Hamstrings
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What are the muscles within the Hamstrings?
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Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus
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Rotators will be exercised with ___ movements
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Flexor
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The hamstring should be __ as strong as the Quadriceps at slow speeds, and __ strength at high speeds.
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Half and Equal
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The knee joint accounts for __-__% of injuries
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25-70%
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Running exerts forces of __x BW on the knee
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3x BW
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___ is the most common ligament injured in the knee
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ACL
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The foot and ankle consists of __ irregular shaped bones.
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26
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Most motion in the foot and ankle occurs in 3 joints __, __, and __
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Talocrural, Subtalar, and Midtarsal
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The proximal joint of the foot
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Talocrural Joint
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The talocrural joint is designed for __ rather than __
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Stability rather than mobility
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__ and __ are the largest weigh bearing bones in the foot
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Talus and Calcaneus
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The arch in the foot that most people refer to is the __
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Medial Longitudinal Arch
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What are the 3 arches in the foot?
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Medial Longitudinal, Lateral Longitudinal, and Transverse
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___ is the strongest movement of the foot and ankle
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Plantarflexion
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___ is minimally used in most daily activities and has low muscle mass involved (Foot)
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Dorsiflexion
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Hindfoot injuries usually occur due to ___ forces
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Compressive
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Midfoot injuries are often due to excessive ___
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Lateral movements
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Forefoot injuries are often due to __ and __ forces
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Compressive and Tensile
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The vertebral column provides __ and __
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Support and Flexibility
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The column consists of __ vertebrae, __ which are moveable
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33 and 24
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The vertebrae are arranged into __ curves that facilitate __
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4, support
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A functional unit of the spine, motion segment consists of ___ and ___.
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2 adjacent vertebrae, and the disc that seperates them
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During Hyperextension of the trunk the spine is compressed ___.
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Anteriorly
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During Flexion of the trunk the spine is compressed ___.
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Posteriorly
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During Rotation of the trunk there is __ force on the spine
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Shear
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What are the movements of the total spine?
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Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Rotation
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The __ region consists of the Atlas and Axis
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Cervical
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Articulation between __ and __ is the most mobile of the cervical region
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Atlas and Axis
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The __ region has very restricted movement
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Thoracic
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The __ region connects the ribs, orientation of facets, and long spinous processes restrict movement.
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Thoracic
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The __ region is the most highly loaded structure in the skeletal system
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Lumbar
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There are large vertebrae and large ROM in flexion and extension in this region
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Lumbar
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Fused vertebrae
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Sacrum and Coccyx
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Responsible for Trunk Extension
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Erector Spinae and Paravertebral
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What are the 3 muscles of Erector Spinae
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Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
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Responsible for Trunk Flexion
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Abdominals
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Contraction of muscles on both sides of vertebral column
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Trunk Lateral Flexion
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Complicated recruiment pattern of muscles on both sides of the vertebral column
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Trunk Rotation
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The __ acts as an elastic rod support
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Spine
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__ helps keep the spine erect
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Erector spinae
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When slouching, the __ and __ maintain posture
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Ligaments and Joint Capsules
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Unsupported sitting is more __ on the spine
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Stenuous
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Sitting: Lumbar lordosis is __ and the upper body center of gravity shifts __
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Reduced and Forward
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Spine concaves anteriorly
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Kyphosis
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Spine concaves posteriorly
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Lordosis
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__-__% of the general population will have back pain
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60-80%
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Back pain is a chronic problem for __-__%
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1-5%
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Back pain recurs __-__% of the time
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30-70%
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