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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is population density?
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The number of individuals per unit area.
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What is the age structure of a population?
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The number of males and females of each age that a population contains.
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What is immigration?
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The movement of organisms into an area.
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What is emigration?
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The movement of organisms out of an area (exiting).
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What is exponential growth?
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The larger a population gets, the faster it grows.
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What is logistic growth?
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S-shape; occurs when a population's growth slows and then stops, following a period of exponential growth.
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What is carrying capacity?
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The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support.
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What is a limiting factor?
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A factor that controls the growth of a population; either density dependent or density independent.
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What is density-dependent? Examples?
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Factor that depends on the size of a population.
Ex: Parasites, competition, predation, disease, and stress. |
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What is density-independent? Examples?
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Factors that do not depend on the size of a population.
Ex: Hurricanes, droughts, floods, natural disasters (wildfire) etc. |
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What is demography?
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It examines the characteristics of human populations and attempts to explain how those populations will change over time.
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What is the demographic transition?
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Going from a high birth rate and high death rate, to a low birth rate and low death rate.
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What is a source?
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Where pollution comes from.
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What is a sink?
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Where all the pollutants accumulate.
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How do raising cattle and farming rice contribute to air pollution?
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They both release methane into the air.
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When the population fluctuates above and below the carrying capacity is called what?
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Dynamic Equilibrium.
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What is sustainable development?
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Using resources in ways that do not cause long term environmental harm.
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What is monoculture?
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Mass production of one source of food in one large area.
Ex: A large area of corn fields. |
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What is one benefit of monoculture?
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Produce a lot of food.
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What are some ways to control pests without chemicals?
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IPM (Integrated Pest Management); Predators; and Other pests
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What is intraspecific competition?
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Competition within the same species.
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What is interspecific competition?
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Competition between 2 different species.
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If something is more dense...is it more or less crowded?
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More crowded.
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What is eutrophication?
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A fancy word for algal bloom; too many nutrients in one area
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What is a non-renewable resource?
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A resource that cannot be replenished with natural causes; takes millions of years to renew.
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What is a renewable resource?
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A resource that can be replenished with natural causes.
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What is smog? What is it caused by?
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--Fog and smoke; green brown haze in the sky.
--Caused by pollution. |
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What is biological magnification?
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The increase in concentration of a substance through a food chain.
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What is irrigation?
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Artifically supplying dry land with water by the means of ditches or pipes.
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Drip Irrigation?
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Saves water; gets the water right to the roots.
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Aquifer?
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Wet underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock.
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What is a dead zone?
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Low-oxygen ares in the world's oceans.
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What are pathogens?
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Germs and other things that cause disease.
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Watershed
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An area of land where all the surface water coverges to a single point.
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Sewage
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Water-carried waste that is intended to be removed from a community; high in Nitrogen and Phosphorous.
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PCB's
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Organochloride pollutant; used in transformers until the 1970's
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Heavy Metals
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Toxic metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and zinc.
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DDT
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One of the most well-known synthetic insecticides.
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Bioaccumulation
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Accumulation of chemicals in an organism.
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Stagnant water
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Water without oxygen.
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Ectothermic
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Organisms whose temperatures reflects that of their environment.
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Endothermic
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Organisms with internal temperature control.
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Thermal Pollution
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Degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.
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Sewage
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Water-carried waste that is intended to be removed from a community; high in Nitrogen and Phosphorous.
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Aquaculture
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Fish farming
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PCB's
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Organochloride pollutant; used in transformers until the 1970's
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Heavy Metals
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Toxic metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and zinc.
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DDT
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One of the most well-known synthetic insecticides.
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Bioaccumulation
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Accumulation of chemicals in an organism.
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Stagnant water
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Water without oxygen.
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Ectothermic
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Organisms whose temperatures reflects that of their environment.
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Endothermic
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Organisms with internal temperature control.
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Thermal Pollution
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Degradatio of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.
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Aquaculture
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Fish farming
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Carcinogens
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Cancer causing agents.
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Acid Rain
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Form of precipitation with high concentration of hydrogen ions; caused when sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog mix with water.
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CFC's
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ChloroFloroCarbons-chemicals that were used in aerosols and refrigerant that destroy ozone.
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Global Warming
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Rising average temperatures of the Earth.
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Greenhouse Gases
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Chemicals in the air that trap heat.
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Kyoto Accord
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Reduce CO2 emissions.
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Montreal Protocol
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Decrease CFC use.
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Particulates
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Tiny, solid matter suspended in a gas or liquid; harmful to respiratory system.
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UV Radiation
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Energy from the sun.
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Emissions
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Exhaust from cars or factories.
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Climate Change
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Change in distribution of weather patterns.
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Troposphere
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Layer of atmosphere closest to Earth; where WE live; has weather.
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Stratosphere
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Atmospheric layer which contains ozone layer.
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Ozone Layer
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O3, protects us from harmful UV rays (UVB), helpful when high in stratosphere.
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Temperature Inversion
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Air near Earth's surface is warmer than the air above it; traps pollution.
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Unleaded Gas
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Attempt to reduce emissions and lessen pollutants in the air.
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Methane
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Important greenhouse gas; produced in intestines of many animals or in swampy areas.
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Captive Breeding
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Breeding animals in human controlled environments.
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Carbon Credits
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Attempts to reduce CO2 emissions.
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Ecological footprint
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Measure of how much someone impacts the Earth; what they use up and how their lifestyle is.
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Ecological Hot Spots
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Ecologically unstable region with a high level of endemic species, most important to protect; high in tourism.
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Ecosystem Diversity
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Variety of different habitats.
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Ecotourism
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Travel to areas of natural or ecological interest.
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EPA
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Environmental Protection Agency
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Genetic Diversity
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Variety of different genetic material.
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Habitat Fragmentation
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Breaking up of habitats into smaller discontinuous chunks.
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Hybrid Cars
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Having both gasoline and electric motor- tax credits.
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Species Diversity
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Variety of types of organisms.
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Wildlife Corridors
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Two connecting habitats separate from human activity; sidewalks for animals.
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Ecosystem Goods and Services
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Breathable air and drinkable water; benefits people obtain from healthy ecosystems.
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Green Revolution
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Period of great agricultural growth.
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Urban Sprawl
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The spreading of cities and suburbs into previously rural areas.
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Range
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The natural distribution of a population over an area.
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Age Structure Diagram
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Used by demographers to understand the distribution of various age groups in a population.
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Agricultural Revolution
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Significant change in farming practices.
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Biotic Potential
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Ability of an organism to increase in numbers under optimum environmental conditions.
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Industrial Revolution
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Shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production.
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Infant Mortality
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Death of babies.
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Introduced Species
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A species living outside its native distributional range.
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Mortality
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Deaths.
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Natality
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Births.
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