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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Apoptosis
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Programed cell death
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Plasma Membrane
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Controls entry into and out of the cell. The plasma membrane comprises a phospholipid bilayer into which proteins and glycoproteins protrude.
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Antigens
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Labels or identifys one cell belonging to a particular organism. Made up of proteins and carbohydrates.
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Diffusion
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the net movement of substances, typically in a solution, from a region of high concentration of the substance to a region of low concentration. The process of diffusion does not require energy.
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Channel mediation
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some substances that are unable to carry out simple diffusion across the phospholipids bi-layer, are instead transported through protein channels. Substances move from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy.
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Carrier mediation
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sometimes even the help of channels is not enough an a carrier molecule is required to move molecules through the concentration gradient. Also known as facilitated diffusion.
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Active Transport
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the net movement of substances into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient. This is an energy requiring process.
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Endocytosis
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The bulk transport of solid particles into a cell. The material is engulfed into a lysosome and broken down into the cell.
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Exocytosis
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The bulk transport of solid particles out of a cell. The particles are packaged and the vesicle that holds them is then fused to the plasma membrane and transported out of the cell.
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The Nucleus
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The control centre of the cell. It holds all the genetic material incuding DNA in the form of chromosomes and RNA.
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Mitochondrion
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The site of cellular respiration and the production of ATP. Has a distinct layered inner membrane.
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Ribosomes
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The organelle where protein production occurs. Can either be free ribosomes or attatched to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Made up of proteins and rRNA.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Responsible for the transport of substances within a cell. Membranes form the channel walls. Can be Smooth ER or Rough ER depending on whether ribosomes are present.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Role is to shift proteins out of the cell. Packages substances into vesicles so they can be shifted out of the cell using exocytosis.
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Lysosomes
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Sac-like structures surrounded by a membrane, and filled with fluid containing dissolved digestive enzymes. They use their enzymes to destroy unwanted cell parts or damaged molecules from within or outside the cell.
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Cell Wall
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Semi rigid, protective structure deposited by the cell outside the cell membrane.
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Chloroplasts
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The production point of converting sun energy into chemical energy also know as photosynthesis.
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The Cell Skeleton
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An internal framework made up of microtubule, microfilament and intermediate filament, that provides strength and support for the cell.
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Microtubules
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They are hollow and are made of subunits of the protein tubulin.
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Microfilament
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They are solid, thinner and more flexible than microtubules. They are made of acitin.
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Intermediate filament
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They are made of a variety of proteins, depending on the cell and are very tough.
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Plasmodesmata
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The junction that exists in plant cells that allows communication between adjacent cells in spite of the thick wall.
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Occluding junctions
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This involves cell membranes coming together in contact with each other. This does not involve movement of material between cells.
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Communicating Junctions
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Also called gap junctions. They permit the passage of salt ions, sugars, amino acids and other small molecules as well as electrical signals from one cell to the other.
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Anchoring Junctions
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The most common type of junction between epithelial cells in areas such as the skin or uterus. They are also called desmosomes. This structure has a great tensile strength and acts throughout a group of cells, because of the connection from one cell to another.
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