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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
in seed plants, structure in which a male gametophyte develops; consists of sperm cells, nutrients, and a protective outer cover
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pollen grain
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in seed plants, the sporophyte structure surrounding the female gametophyte; forms the seed after fertilization
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ovule
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young diploid sporophyte of a plant
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embryo
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structure of seed plant embryo that stores or absorbs food for the developing embryo
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cotyledon
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seed containing ripened ovary of an anthophyte flower; may be fleshy or dry
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fruit
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plants that drop all of their leaves each fall or when water is scarce or unavailable
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deciduous plant
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class of anthophytes that have one seed leaf
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monocotyledon
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anthophyte that lives for one year or less
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annual
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anthophyte that has a lifespan of two years
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biennial
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anthophyte that lives for several years
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perennial
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class of anthophyte that has two seed leaves
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dicotyledon
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Identify two adaptations that help seed plants reproduce on land.
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The embryo is protected during harsh conditions by a tough seed coat. The seed contains a supply of food to nourish the young plant.
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Explain why needlelike leaves are an adaptation in climates where water may be a limited resource.
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The thick cuticle, reduced surface area, and sunken stomata limit evaporation.
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What adaptations help make flowering so successful?
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Fruits often aid in the dispersal of seeds. The flower protects the seed.
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Compare and contrast characteristics of anthophytes and coniferophytes.
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Unlike coniferophytes, anthophytes produce flowers and form seeds enclosed in a fruit. They both produce seeds.
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Infer why the development of the seed might have affected the lives of herbivorous animals living in Earth's ancient forests.
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Seeds contain a high-energy food source. By eating seeds, herbivores could obtain more energy per gram of food. Also, seeds ensured the survival of plants in drier environments where spore-reproducing plants could not survive. Therefore, herbivores’ food supply increased in drier environments.
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Compare the formation of a spore in ferns and a seed in conifers.
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Fern spores are produced in sporangia. Clusters of sporangia form sori that are found on the pinnae. Conifer seeds are produced on the scales of the cone.
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Names sometimes used for the seed-bearing plants that do not produce fruits
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gymnosperms
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plants with green stems that are not woody
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herbaceous
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animals which eat plants
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herbivorous
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