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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are living things made of?
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Atoms
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A nucleus is a solid mass of things caleld what?
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Protons & electrons
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What "whiz" around in layers that surround the nucleus. What are these layers called?
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Electrons, Energy Levels
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How many different kinds of atoms occur in nature? What do these different kinds of atoms have different numbers of?
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3, protons, neutrons, & electrons
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How many elements out of the 90 are essential to organisms?
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25
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What four elements make up 96% of the human body?
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & nitrogen
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Living things use atoms to make organic molecules such as what?
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Carbos, Lipids, & proteins
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These bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
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Covalent
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These kinds of bonds are formed when one atom takes electrons from another atom.
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Ionic
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_________are atoms joined by covalent bonds & therefore have no overall what?
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Molecules, charge
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Chemical reactions occur when what between atoms are broken & reformed?
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Bonds
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All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
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Metabolism
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Compounds to the left of the arrow are?
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Reactants
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Compounds to the right are the?
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Products
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Equations must be?
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Balanced
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The number before refers to?
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Number of molecules or ions
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A solution is a mixture in which one or more substances are evenly what in another substance.
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Distrubuted
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________are dissolved in ______
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Substances, Solutions
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________ the solution inside cells & the solution that bathes cells are important water-based solutions
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Concentration
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Concentration: the amount of what in the amount of what?
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strength, solution
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pH scale decribes whether a substance is what?
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acidic, basic, or neutral
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Acidic solutions have a high concentration of?
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Hydrogen ions
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Basic solutions have a high concentration of?
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Hydroxide ions
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What is mostly water?
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blood
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What makes up between what percentages of most organisms?
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70 & 95%
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Molecule with an unequal ditrubution of charge.
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Polar Molecule
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Water pulls itself up little tubes, which is important for plants. What is this action called?
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Capillary action
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Water resists what?
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temperature changes
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Water does what when it freezes?
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expands
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The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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Diffusion
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Eventually particales in a solution will reach a state of ________ _______, where the particles are equally distrubuted.
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dynamic equilibruim
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Diffusion is how many things move in & out of what?
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cells
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Diffusion is the way what moves into an organism & carbon dioxide moves out.
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oxygen
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About how many trace elements are there?
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20, they exist in small amounts
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What are the three different states?
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Solids, Liquids, & gasses
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How is the state determined?
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By how fast atoms & molecules move
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Overall, what do electrons do?
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cancel each other out & balance
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List 5 trace elements.
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Sulfur, Iron, Calcium, Phosphuros, & Zinc
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Chains can be _________, _________ or made of adjacent rings.
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straight, branched
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Very large molecules(macromolecules) are made in living rganisms using long chains of?
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carbon
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What is a monomer?
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Single moelcular unit that creates polymers
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When polymers are made by living things, they are called what?
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Biopolymers
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Carbohydrates are molecules composed of?
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Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
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Composed of one ring structure, considered to be monomers for larger carbos. *smallest type of carbohydrates
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Monosaccharide
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Composed of two monosac. joined together.
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Disaccharide
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Composed of many monosac. joined together
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Polysaccharides
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List examples of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, & Polysccharides.
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Mono.: fructose, glucose
Disac.: sucose Poly.: glycogen, starch, cellulose |
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Lipids are composed of? & they are what in water because the are non polar?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; insoluble
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What are lipids & carbos used for?
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to store energy
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Proteins are primarily made of?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen
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Proteins can be large, made of thousands of monomers called what?
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amino acids
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Regulate chemical reactions in the organism by bringing together parts of a molecule or pulling molecules apart.
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Enzymes
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Nucleic aicds are composed of?
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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, & phosporous
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Nucleic acids are huge polymers made up of monomers called? What are 2 examples of N.A.?
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Nucleotides; RNA & DNA
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What do enzymes do?
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force molecules together in a way that will force them to reactm can also pull apart stable molecules
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In living tissue a waste product is produced called? As it builds up it becomes?
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Hydrogen proroxide; poisonous
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What is peroxidose?
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enzyme, will pull apart hydrogen peroxide to form water & oxygen.
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The 4 biopolymers have a backbone of?
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carbon
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In chemical equations atoms are not what?
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broken or destroyed
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The first energy level can hold of maximum of how many electrons? Second? Third?
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1st: two
2nd: eight 3rd: eighteen |
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Carbohydrates contain hydrogen & oxygen in a ratio of?
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2:1
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Substance composed of two or more atoms of different elements joined by a chemical bond.
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Compound
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