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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an enzyme made of |
protein with specific complex tertiary structure |
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how do enzymes work to lower activation energy of reactions? |
the shape of an enzyme fits its substrate (like lock and key) enzyme-substrate complex alters substrate |
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can energy be created or destroyed |
neither; it can only be converted |
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what are the first and second laws of thermodynamics |
first law: energy can only be converted, not created or destroyed second law: energy dissipates, order decreases |
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how is ATP made, and what is needed for this to happen |
comes from the breakdown of food-- usually glucose glucose + oxygen = ATP + CO2 + water |
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How does ATP transfer energy to cell activities; what is left after this occurs? |
an energy-rich bond is broken releasing energy and leaving ADP and phosphate |
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catabolic vs. anabolic processes |
breaking down = catabolic (which gives out energy) building up = anabolic |
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naming tradition of enzymes? |
usually end in -ase |
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enzymes ' active site' |
fits its particular substrate |
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how would you denature an enzyme |
pH, temperature, concentration of enzyme substrate, heavy metals, poisons, metabolic inhibitions |
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if you subject an enzyme to extreme pH or heat, how would this change the active site? |
it would block or denature the site |
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how does an enzyme affect the energy of activation? |
enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy |
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a competitive inhibitor would most likely look like the ___________ |
substrate |
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what is an "induced fit"? |
the binding of a substrate or some other moleculeb to an enzyme that causes a change in the shape to enhance/inhibit its activity |
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what is invertase and what does it do |
an enzyme produced by yeast that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose, forming invert sugar |
