Biology Ii, Chapter 2, Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

All matter, living and nonliving, is composed of what?

Back 1

Elements

Front 2

How many naturally occuring elements are there?

Back 2

92

Front 3

The body is made up primarily of how many elements?

Back 3

6

Front 4

The acronym CHNOPS helps you to remember the 6 elements that make up the body. What are they?

Back 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus & Sulfur

Front 5

Elements contain tiny particles called what?

Back 5

Atoms

Front 6

What is the smallest unity of matter to enter into chemical reactions?

Back 6

atoms

Front 7

What are the three extremely small subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Back 7

proton, neutrons & electrons

Front 8

An atom is most stable when the outermost shell contains how many electrons?

Back 8

eight

Front 9

Atoms that have the same atomic number and differ only in the number of neutrons are called what?

Back 9

Isotopes

Front 10

What are unstable isotopes called?

Back 10

radioactive isotopes

Front 11

Atoms often bond with each other to form a chemical unit called what?

Back 11

A molecule

Front 12

What are the two types of bonds that join atoms?

Back 12

ionic and covalent

Front 13

What are the particles that carry either a positive or negative charge called?

Back 13

ion

Front 14

What is another name for high blood pressure?

Back 14

hypertension

Front 15

Lack of sufficient iron in the blood is called what?

Back 15

iron deficiency anemia

Front 16

The type of reaction wherein atoms form a molecule by sharing electrons is called what?

Back 16

covalent reaction

Front 17

What is the most abundant molecule in living organisms?

Back 17

water

Front 18

What percentage of the body's weight is made up of water?

Back 18

60-70%

Front 19

What type of a bond occurs whenever a covelently bonded hydrogen is attracted to a negatively charged atom som distance away?

Back 19

hydrogen bond

Front 20

What does is mean if something clings together?

Back 20

cohesive

Front 21

Molecules that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions are called what?

Back 21

Acid

Front 22

Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions are called what?

Back 22

bases

Front 23

The scale that ranges from 0-14 is called what?

Back 23

pH scale

Front 24

pH level below 7 is what?

Back 24

acidicc

Front 25

pH level above 7 is what?

Back 25

base

Front 26

What number is neutral on the pH scale?

Back 26

7

Front 27

Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH drops below 7, what is the condition called?

Back 27

acidosis

Front 28

Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH climbs above 7, what is the condition called?

Back 28

alkalosis

Front 29

A chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen or excess OH are called what?

Back 29

buffers

Front 30

What supplies short-term, quick energy for all organisms?

Back 30

carbohydrates

Front 31

Molecules that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions are called what?

Back 31

Acid

Front 32

Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions are called what?

Back 32

bases

Front 33

The scale that ranges from 0-14 is called what?

Back 33

pH scale

Front 34

pH level below 7 is what?

Back 34

acidicc

Front 35

pH level above 7 is what?

Back 35

base

Front 36

What number is neutral on the pH scale?

Back 36

7

Front 37

Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH drops below 7, what is the condition called?

Back 37

acidosis

Front 38

Molecules that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions are called what?

Back 38

Acid

Front 39

Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH climbs above 7, what is the condition called?

Back 39

alkalosis

Front 40

Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions are called what?

Back 40

bases

Front 41

A chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen or excess OH are called what?

Back 41

buffers

Front 42

The scale that ranges from 0-14 is called what?

Back 42

pH scale

Front 43

What supplies short-term, quick energy for all organisms?

Back 43

carbohydrates

Front 44

pH level below 7 is what?

Back 44

acidicc

Front 45

pH level above 7 is what?

Back 45

base

Front 46

What number is neutral on the pH scale?

Back 46

7

Front 47

Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH drops below 7, what is the condition called?

Back 47

acidosis

Front 48

Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH climbs above 7, what is the condition called?

Back 48

alkalosis

Front 49

A chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen or excess OH are called what?

Back 49

buffers

Front 50

What supplies short-term, quick energy for all organisms?

Back 50

carbohydrates

Front 51

What is another name for a simple sugar?

Back 51

monosaccaride

Front 52

Sugar that contains two units of a monosaccaride is called what?

Back 52

disaccharide

Front 53

Synthesis of a disaccharide is called what kind of reaction?

Back 53

condensation reaction

Front 54

degradation of a disaccharide is called what kind of reaction?

Back 54

hydrolosis

Front 55

A carbohydrate that contains a large number of monosaccharide molecules is called what?

Back 55

polysaccharide

Front 56

A molecule having many side branches is called what?

Back 56

glycogen

Front 57

If the blood contains more glucose that spills over into the urine, what is the condition called?

Back 57

diabetes

Front 58

what is another name for fats?

Back 58

lipids

Front 59

What acts as long-term energy storage in the human body?

Back 59

fats

Front 60

A fat contains two types of unit molecules. What are they?

Back 60

glycerol and fatty acids

Front 61

Fatty acids are classifies into one of two groups. What are they?

Back 61

Saturated and unsaturated

Front 62

lipid-soluble, biologically active molecules having 4 interlock rings

Back 62

steroids

Front 63

the deposit of fatty material inside the living of blood vessels which reduces blood flow is called what?

Back 63

familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 64

Huge biomolecules that sometimes have mainly a structural function are called what?

Back 64

proteins

Front 65

Necessary contributors to the chemical workings of the calle are called what?

Back 65

Enzymes

Front 66

The unit molecules found in proteins are called what

Back 66

amino acids

Front 67

What joins two amino acids together?

Back 67

peptide bond

Front 68

The process by which an acid group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid is called what?

Back 68

synthesis

Front 69

Huge biomolecules whith a very specific function in cells are called what?

Back 69

nucleic acids

Front 70

the hereditary factors that we received from our parents are called what?

Back 70

genes

Front 71

The molecule that stores coded information is called what?

Back 71

DNA

Front 72

What nucleic acide works in conjuction with DNA to bring about protein synthesis in cells?

Back 72

RNA or ribonucleic acid

Front 73

A very special type of nucleotide which is composed of the base adenine and the sugar ribose as well as 3 phosphate groups is called what?

Back 73

ATP or adenosine triphosphate

Front 74

What is the energy currency of cells?

Back 74

ATP