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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chromosome
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threadlike strand of DNA consisting of chromatin, which carries genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information; located in cell nucleus; humans have 23 pairs (22 + 1 pair of sex chromosomes)
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chromatin
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substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division
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gene
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A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism
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zygote
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cell formed by the gametes (the 2 reproductive cells)
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gametes
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sex cells or reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
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allele
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any of several forms of a gene, that are responsible for hereditary variation;
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homozygous
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aired alleles (one on each of two paired chromosomes) that are the same
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heterozygous
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paired alleles (one on each of two paired chromosomes) that are different; one allele is usually dominant, and the other recessive
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dominant allele
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an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different; relating to the form of a gene that expresses a trait
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recessive allele
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an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele
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genetics
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the science of heredity
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Mendel
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Austrian botanist and founder of the science of genetics; discovered the principle of the inheritance of characteristics through the combination of genes from parent cells
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DNA
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nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA; replicates during cell division; each parent contributes one of the two strands in the DNA of the offspring; governs production of proteins and other molecules necessary for cell division
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genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism; the sum total of genes transmitted from parent to offspring
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phenotype
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the observance of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influences
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