Biology Genetics Test - November 2014

Front 1

Two gametes (sex cells) combine during

Back 1

sexual reproduction

Front 2

What is one function of MITOSIS?

Back 2

to equally divide replicated chromosomes into daughter cells

Front 3

Sperm cells of the Russian dwarf hamster contain 14 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a normal body cell of the Russian dwarf hamster?

Back 3

28

Front 4

A cell with 20 chromosomes undergoes MITOSIS. What happens?

Back 4

2 daughter cells will be created and each daughter cell will have 20 chromosomes.

Front 5

What is one function of MEIOSIS?

Back 5

to create gametes for reproduction

Front 6

The allele for green pod color (G) is dominant over the allele for yellow pod color (g). What is the genotype for a plant with yellow pods?

Back 6

gg

Front 7

Assume that in humans, brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b). The mother’s genotype is bb and the father’s is Bb. What are the predicted frequencies of eye color of the children of these parents?

Back 7

1/2 brown eyes and 1/2 blue eyes

Front 8

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes serious respiratory problems. Brad and Janet are healthy adults with three children. Two of the children appear to be healthy and one child has cystic fibrosis. The normal allele is represented as C. The disease-causing allele is represented as c. What is Brad’s genotype? What is Janet’s genotype?

Back 8

Brad = Cc; Janet = Cc

Front 9

If an organism has two identical alleles for a single trait, for that trait the organism is considered

Back 9

homozygous

Front 10

In humans the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have extra fingers or toes?

Back 10

4

Front 11

In a certain species of bird, the allele for red feathers (R) is dominant over the allele for green feathers (r). When a heterozygous red-feathered bird is mated with a green-feathered bird, what percentage of the offspring is likely to possess the red feather trait?

Back 11

50%

Front 12

A cross between two plants that have pink flowers produced offspring that have red, pink, or white flowers. Which is the most likely explanation for these results?

Back 12

The allele for flower color shows incomplete dominance.

Front 13

If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be ____ .

Back 13

homozygous for the trait

Front 14

In a Punnett Square, what do the letters in each box represent ?

Back 14

one possible genotypic outcome for the offspring

Front 15

A female guinea pig that is homozygous dominant for black fur color is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. In a litter of eight offspring, there would probably be _______ fur color.

Back 15

8 black guinea pigs

Front 16

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. A child is born that is determined to have the disorder, but both
parents appear normal. What has probably happened?

Back 16

Both parents carried the allele for the disorder

Front 17

The offspring of sexual reproduction:

Back 17

receives half of its genetic material from each parent.

Front 18

The offspring of asexual reproduction:

Back 18

receives all of its genetic material from one parent.

Front 19

The typical sex chromosomes of a male human are

Back 19

XY

Front 20

Mitosis or Meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up along the equator.

Back 20

Meiosis

Front 21

Mitosis or Meiosis?
Associated with growth and repair of tissues.

Back 21

Mitosis

Front 22

Mitosis or Meiosis?
Associated with sexual reproduction.

Back 22

Meiosis

Front 23

Mitosis or Meiosis?
Daughter cells are not identical to the parent cell.

Back 23

Meiosis

Front 24

Mitosis or Meiosis?
Skin cells would reproduce through this process.

Back 24

Mitosis

Front 25

Name an example of a gamete

Back 25

Sperm Cell or Egg Cell

Front 26

An unfertilized egg is what type of cell?

Back 26

Haploid

Front 27

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that contains a gene that results in the production of a natural pesticide that kills insects. Genetic engineers have successfully inserted this Bt gene into the DNA of some corn varieties, allowing the corn to produce its own pesticide. If a genetically modified corn cell reproduces through mitosis, what is the probability that the daughter cells will contain the inserted gene?

Back 27

100% of the daughter cells will contain the inserted gene.

Front 28

When there are two identical alleles for a trait

Back 28

homozygous

Front 29

This trait is NOT expressed in a hybrid

Back 29

recessive

Front 30

The actual genetic makeup of an organism; represented by alleles

Back 30

genotype

Front 31

Describes the physical appearance of an organism

Back 31

phenotype

Front 32

When there are two different alleles for a trait

Back 32

heterozygous

Front 33

Brown eyes is dominant over blue eyes in humans. What is the likelihood of two blue-eyed parents having a brown-eyed child?

Back 33

0%

Front 34

What is the correct relationship between an allele and a gene?

Back 34

genes are the physical form of allele combinations

Front 35

Reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg cells, are called

Back 35

gametes

Front 36

What process do cells go through to create gametes for reproduction

Back 36

Meiosis

Front 37

in this process a new organism receives half of its genetic material from each parent.

Back 37

Sexual reproduction

Front 38

in this process a new organism receives all of its genetic material from one parent.

Back 38

Asexual reproduction

Front 39

If given a diagram of a nucleotide, be able to name the parts.

Back 39

Phosphate, Base, Sugar, a nucleotide

Front 40

In the cells of most organisms, DNA is contained in the _________________.

Back 40

Nucleus

Front 41

What is the correct relationship between an allele and a gene?

Back 41

genes are the physical form of allele combinations

Front 42

Name a pair of genes that would be considered a set of alleles

Back 42

a gene for brown eyes and genes for blue eyes

Front 43

The cell prepares to divide by growing and also replicating the DNA during what phase?

Back 43

Interphase

Front 44

The cell membrane pinches and divides the cytoplasm into two new cells during what phase?

Back 44

Cytokinesis

Front 45

The backbone (sides) of DNA is made of which two molecules?

Back 45

phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

Front 46

Given the template strand: TAG GGC ACG, the complimentary strand would be what?

Back 46

ATC CCG TGC

Front 47

Watson and Crick are credited with the discovery of the shape of DNA. What is the shape called?

Back 47

double helix

Front 48

In DNA, how are two complimentary nitrogen bases bonded together?

Back 48

hydrogen bonds

Front 49

What nitrogen bases pair up with each other?

Back 49

A-T C-G