Biology Genetics Test - December 2015

Front 1

What is an advantage of GMO’s?

Back 1

Crop yields are increased

Front 2

What is a disadvantage of GMO’s?

Back 2

Could have unknown side-effects or consequences

Front 3

Theallele for green pod color (G) is dominant over the allele for yellowpod color (g). What is the genotype for a plant with yellow pods?

Back 3

gg

Front 4

Assume that in humans, brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b). The mother’s genotype is bb and the father’s is Bb. What are the predicted frequencies of eye color of the children of these parents?

Back 4

1/2 brown eyes and 1/2 blue eyes

Front 5

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that causes serious respiratory problems. Brad and Janet are healthy adults with three children. Two of the children appear to be healthy and one child has cystic fibrosis. The normal allele is represented as C. The disease-causing allele is represented as c. What is Brad’s genotype? What is Janet’s genotype?

Back 5

Brad= Cc; Janet = Cc

Front 6

If an organism has two identical alleles for a single trait, for that trait the organism is considered what?

Back 6

homozygous

Front 7

In humans the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have extra fingers or toes?

Back 7

4

Front 8

In a certain species of bird, the allele for redfeathers (R) is dominant over the allele for green feathers (r). When a heterozygous red-feathered bird is mated with a green-feathered bird, what percentage of the offspring is likely to possess the red feather trait?

Back 8

50%

Front 9

Across between two plants that have pink flowers produced offspring that have red, pink, or white flowers. Which is the most likely explanation for these results?

Back 9

The allele for flower color shows incomplete dominance.

Front 10

If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be ____ .

Back 10

homozygous for the trait

Front 11

A female guinea pig that is homozygous dominant for black fur color is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. In a litter of eight offspring, there would probably be _________. Create a punnet square if needed.

Back 11

8 black guinea pigs

Front 12

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. A child is born that is determined to have the disorder, but both parents appear normal. What has probably happened?

Back 12

Both parents carried the allele for the disorder

Front 13

When there are two identical alleles for a trait, what term is used?

Back 13

homozygous

Front 14

What term is used for the actual genetic makeup of an organism; represented by alleles

Back 14

Genotype

Front 15

This term describes the physical appearance of an organism

Back 15

phenotype

Front 16

When there are two different alleles for a trait, what term is used?

Back 16

heterozygous

Front 17

What is one function of MITOSIS?

Back 17

to equally divide replicated chromosomes into daughter cells

Front 18

Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium that contains a gene that results in the production of a natural pesticide that kills insects. Genetic engineers have successfully inserted this Bt gene into the DNA of some corn varieties, allowing the corn to produce its own pesticide. If a genetically modified corn cell reproduces through mitosis, what is the probability that the daughter cells will contain the inserted gene?

Back 18

100% of the daughter cells will contain the inserted gene.

Front 19

Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the middle of the cell, what phase of mitosis is this?

Back 19

Metaphase

Front 20

Centromeres split and the sister chromatids are separated, and sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell, what phase of mitosis is this?

Back 20

Anaphase

Front 21

DNA coils up and condenses into chromosomes. Nuclear membrane dissolves. Spindle apparatus forms, what phase of mitosis is this?

Back 21

Prophase

Front 22

New nuclear membranes form around sister chromatids. Chromosomes uncoil. Spindle fibers disappear, what phase of mitosis is this?

Back 22

Telophase

Front 23

What are the typical sex chromosomes of a male human?

Back 23

XY

Front 24

In a pedigree, how is a female represented?

Back 24

Circle

Front 25

A “T” on a pedigree represents what?

Back 25

offspring

Front 26

In the cells of most organisms, DNA is contained in the____ .

Back 26

nucleus

Front 27

Prior to cell division, the cell’s DNA copies itself during ____ of the cell cycle.

Back 27

Interphase

Front 28

The process of using DNA as a template to make moreDNA is known as ___________.

Back 28

Replication

Front 29

Before the strands of DNA can separate, the DNA must unwind and the bonds between the _________ must be broken.

Back 29

nitrogen bases

Front 30

Free floating nucleotides can then pair up with their ______ base

Back 30

complimentary

Front 31

The genetic code is passed from DNA to RNA through a process called _________ .

Back 31

Transcription

Front 32

Proteins are made in the ___________ of the cell.

Back 32

ribosomes

Front 33

________________ are the subunits needed to make a protein.

Back 33

amino acids

Front 34

The process of making a protein is known as __________.

Back 34

Translation

Front 35

Name a complementary base pair in DNA?

Back 35

Guanine-Cytosine

Front 36

The backbone (sides) of DNA is made of which 2 components?

Back 36

phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugar

Front 37

A three-base sequence on mRNA that tells the ribosomes which amino acid to use is called a(n) _____________ .

Back 37

codon