Biology - Exam 4 - Study Guide 1

Front 1

Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will:
A) speciate.
B) compete intensely.
C) interbreed.
D) coexist peacefully.
E) be in a predator -prey relationship.

Back 1

B) compete intensely.

Front 2

A________ species is fundamentally essential to an ecosystem; its loss changes the structure of the entire
community.
A) keystone
B) rivet
C) redundant
D) baseline
E) footprint

Back 2

A) keystone

Front 3

Floods and fires are examples of________, which can dramatically and unpredictably reduce populations.
A) demographic factors
B) logistic growth factors
C) density-dependent factors
D) environmental resistance
E) biotic factors

Back 3

D) environmental resistance

Front 4

A bird flashing white patches underneath its wings is an example of________ communication.
A) physical contact
B) passive visual
C) sound
D) chemical
E) active visual

Back 4

E) active visual

Front 5

In areas that have a stable population, the number of children born in a period of time is:
A) higher than the number of adults.
B) decreasing.
C) lower than the number of adults.
D) increasing.
E) approximately equal to the number of adults.

Back 5

E) approximately equal to the number of adults.

Front 6

Earth's ozone layer is extremely important because it:
A) maintains high carbon dioxide concentrations so that photosynthesis can occur.
B) traps heat so that Earth's temperature does not fall too much.
C) blocks incoming UV radiation, which is damaging to animals and reduces photosynthesis in plants and algae.
D) traps harmful infrared rays.
E) blocks incoming visible light to protect Earth against the greenhouse effect.

Back 6

C) blocks incoming UV radiation, which is damaging to animals and reduces photosynthesis in plants and algae.

Front 7

A carnivore is usually a(n):
A) autotroph.
B) secondary producer.
C) secondary consumer.
D) primary producer.
E) primary consumer.

Back 7

C) secondary consumer.

Front 8

What is the dominant vegetation of the savanna?
A) lichens and scrub willows
B) grasses
C) trees with waxy needles
D) trees that lose their leaves
E) cocoa

Back 8

B) grasses

Front 9

The majority of the energy on Earth originates from:
A) volcanoes.
B) oil.
C) the sun.
D) nuclear sources.
E) coal.

Back 9

C) the sun.

Front 10

The different species within an ecosystem that interact in various ways make up a(n):
A) aggregation.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecotone.
E) trophic level.

Back 10

B) community.

Front 11

Which of the following is a disadvantage for animals living in groups?
A) reduced chance of finding a mate
B) lower efficiency in finding food
C) increased chance of being spotted by predators
D) decreased risk of disease

Back 11

C) increased chance of being spotted by predators

Front 12

Environmental resistance is:
A) limits imposed on population growth by only the nonliving environment.
B) a factor that decreases both death rates and birth rates.
C) limits imposed on population growth by both the living and nonliving environments.
D) limits imposed on population growth by only the living environment (such as predators or competitors).
E) a factor that increases both death rates and birth rates.

Back 12

C) limits imposed on population growth by both the living and nonliving environments.

Front 13

Two cats getting ready to fight puff up their fur to make themselves look larger. This is an example of:
A) altruism.
B) aggressive behavior.
C) imprinting.
D) pheromones.
E) minimized competition.

Back 13

B) aggressive behavior.

Front 14

The major goal of conservation biology is to:
A) make the biosphere more habitable for humanity.
B) repair the damage to ecosystems done by introduced species.
C) preserve the diversity of living organisms.
D) restore the biosphere to its previously unspoiled condition.
E) increase the population sizes of all species.

Back 14

C) preserve the diversity of living organisms.

Front 15

The vast treeless region near the Arctic Ocean is the:
A) grassland.
B) tundra.
C) savanna.
D) taiga.
E) permafrost.

Back 15

B) tundra.

Front 16

In________, the interaction between two species harms both of them.
A) coevolution
B) competition
C) symbiosis
D) parasitism
E) mutualism

Back 16

B) competition

Front 17

Tropical rain forests provide all of the following EXCEPT:
A) traditional medicines.
B) wood used for cooking by local residents.
C) prescription medicines.
D) large supplies of fossil fuels.
E) hardwoods for consumers worldwide.

Back 17

D) large supplies of fossil fuels.

Front 18

A rain shadow is caused by:
A) warm, moist air that cools as it moves down over a mountain, releasing moisture.
B) ocean currents that heat and cool more slowly than do air or landmasses.
C) ocean currents that heat and cool more quickly than do air or landmasses.
D) large mountain masses in the center of continents that restrict air flow.
E) cool, dry air that warms as it moves down over a mountain, picking up moisture.

Back 18

E) cool, dry air that warms as it moves down over a mountain, picking up moisture.

Front 19

The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called:
A) parasitism.
B) mimicry.
C) coevolution
D) symbiosis.
E) mutualism.

Back 19

C) coevolution

Front 20

Over the course of their evolutionary histories, the timing of flowering, the spacing of plants, and the nectar rewards of flowering plants have influenced the foraging behavior of bees, which in turn has influenced the morphology of flowers. This process is an example of:
A) coevolution.
B) niche partitioning.
C) competitive exclusion.
D) adaptive radiation.
E) convergent evolution.

Back 20

A) coevolution.

Front 21

A random population distribution:
A) is found only in plants.
B) is an advantage in avoiding predators.
C) occurs when resources are evenly spaced.
D) is rare.
E) allows predators to hunt more effectively.

Back 21

D) is rare.

Front 22

An adaptive change in behavior that results from experience is called:
A) learned behavior.
B) instinctive behavior.
C) random behavior.
D) innate behavior.

Back 22

A) learned behavior.

Front 23

Harmless king snakes mimic the color patterns of venomous coral snakes, which serve as models. If avoidance were based solely on prior predator experience with the model, what do you predict would happen in areas where coral snakes were never present?
A) Predators would avoid king snakes.
B) No predictions can be made based on the information given.
C) Predators would initially avoid king snakes but soon learn to attack and eat them.
D) Predators would attack and eat king snakes.
E) Predators would initially attack and eat king snakes but soon learn to avoid them.

Back 23

D) Predators would attack and eat king snakes.

Front 24

Predation is similar to________ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while
harming the other.
A) symbiosis
B) coevolution
C) competition
D) parasitism
E) mutualism

Back 24

D) parasitism

Front 25

Net primary production is:
A) heterotrophic production minus autotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time.
B) energy that photosynthetic organisms make available to other organisms over a given period of time.
C) energy stored by secondary consumers from primary biomass.
D) energy made by autotrophs minus energy consumed by heterotrophs, and measured as biomass.
E) heterotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time.

Back 25

E) heterotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time.