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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Convergent Evolution
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Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.
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Adaptive Radiation
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Process by which a single species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways.
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Adaptive Radiation
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Rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms.
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Coevolution
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process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other.
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Punctuated Equilibrium
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Pattern of Evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change.
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Mutation
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Change in a DNA sequence that affect genetic information.
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Gene Pool
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Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
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Relative Frequency
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Number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur.
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Single-Gene Trait
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Trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
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Polygenic Trait
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Trait controlled by two or more genes
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Directional Selection
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Form of natural selection in which the curve moves.
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Directional Selection
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Occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve.
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Stabilizing Selection
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Form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position.
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Stabilizing Selection
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Occurs when individuals near a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at the other end.
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Disruptive Selection
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Form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two
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Disruptive Selection
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Occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle
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Genetic Drift
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Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations
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Founder Effect
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Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle
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Principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change.
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Genetic Equilibrium
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Situation in which allele frequencies remain constant.
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Evolution
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Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
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Theory
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Well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
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Hypothesis
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Possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question.
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Fossil
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Preserved remains or evidence of ancient organisms.
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Geology
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The study of the earth, especially the earth's history as recorded in rock.
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Artificial Selection
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Selection by humans for breeding or useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
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Struggle for existence
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Competition among members of a species for food living space, and the other necessities of life.
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Fitness
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Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
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Adaptation
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Inherited characteristics that increase an organisms chances of survival.
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Survival of the Fittest
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Process by which individuals are better than suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection
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Descent with modification
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Principle that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time
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Common descent
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Principle that all living things were derived fro common ancestors.
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Mutation
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Change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information
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Homologous Structures
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Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues.
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Vestigial
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Organ that serves no useful function in an organism.
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