Biology Chapter 8 Vocab

Front 1

autotroph

Back 1

organisms such as plants, which make their own food.

Front 2

heterotroph

Back 2

organisms such as animals that cannot use the sun's energu directly. they obtain energy from the foods they consume.

Front 3

adenosine triphosphate

Back 3

one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy (ATP) . ATP consists of adenine, a 5- carbin sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups. those three phosphate groups are the key to ATP's ability to store and release energy.

Front 4

photosynthesis

Back 4

the process where plants use the energuy of the sunlight to convert water and carnon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen , a wast product.

Front 5

pigment

Back 5

light-absorbing molecules in plants that gather the suns energy.

Front 6

chlorophull

Back 6

a plant’s principal pigment

Front 7

thylakoid

Back 7

photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts. chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids. thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as granna.

Front 8

photosystem

Back 8

proteins in the thyladoid membrane organize chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters known as photosystems. this is the light collecting units of the chloroplasts.

Front 9

stroma

Back 9

the region just outside the shylakoid membranes where the calvin cycle takes place.

Front 10

NADP+

Back 10

One of the electron carrier molecules (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). It has one job, accept and hold 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion (H+).

Front 11

light dependent reactions

Back 11

plants need light to grow.The light-dependent reactions use energy from light to produced ATP and NADPH. The light-dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH.

Front 12

ATP synthesis

Back 12

H+ ions cannot cross the membrane directly. However, the cell membrane contains a protein called ATP synthase that spans the membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it.

Front 13

calvin cycle

Back 13

The process where plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a long time. It does not need light to do this so it is called light-independent reactions.