Biology Chapter 7-How Cells Harvest Energy

Front 1

autotrophs

Back 1

self feeders

Front 2

heterotrophs

Back 2

fed by others

Front 3

cellular respiration

Back 3

the oxidation of organic compounds to extract energy from chemical bonds

Front 4

dehydrogenations

Back 4

the electrons lost are accompanied by protons so that what is really lost is a hydrogen atom, not just an electron

Front 5

NAD

Back 5

a cofactor for enzymes that helps catalyze redox reactions

Front 6

aerobic respiration

Back 6

the process that results in the complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor fo an electron transoport chain that produces a proton gradient for the chmeiosmotic syntehsis of ATP.

Front 7

anaerobic respiration

Back 7

the use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosomotic syntheisis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen.

Front 8

fermentation

Back 8

the enzyme catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen.

Front 9

substrate level phosphorylation

Back 9

ATP is formed by transferring a phosphate group directily to ADP from a phosplhate bearing intermediate, or substrate.

Front 10

glycolysis

Back 10

teh initial breakdown of glucose

Front 11

electron transport chain

Back 11

set of electron carriers located in the mitochondrail inner membrane

Front 12

oxidative phosphorylation

Back 12

ATP is synthesized by the enzyme ATP syntahe using energy from proton gradient.

Front 13

acetyl CoA

Back 13

two carbon molecule formed in pyruvate oxidation

Front 14

Chemiosmosis

Back 14

utilization of a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP