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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell Theory
1. 2. 3. |
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms. 3. All cells arise from existing cells |
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A cells shape represents...
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the cell's function
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Cell size is limited by a cell's...
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surface area - to - volume ratio
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All substances that enter or leave a cell must pass through...
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the surface of the cell
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A cell may grow large in...
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one or two dimensions
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Larger cells often have shapes that increase the...
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surface area available for exchange
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Cell membrane -
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cell's outer boundary
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Cytosol -
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fluid inside cell, full of dissolved particles
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Cytoplasm -
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includes cytosol and almost all structures suspended in the fluid
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Ribosome -
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cellular structure on which proteins are made
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DNA -
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provides instructions for making proteins, regulates cellular activity, and enables cells to reproduce
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Prokaryote -
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-organism that is a single prokaryotic cell and has a cell wall
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Capsule -
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structure that enables prokaryotes to cling to surfaces
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Eukaryote -
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organism made up of one or more eukaryote cells. Eukaryote cells carry out more specialized functions that prokaryote cells
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Nucleus -
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where cell's DNA is housed
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Organelle -
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structure that carries out specific activities inside the cell
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Cytoskeleton -
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web of protein fibers found in eukaryotic cells
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Microfilaments -
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long, thin fibers made of the protein actin; contract and expand in certain areas
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Microtubules -
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thick, hollow fibers that are made of the protein tubulin; information molecules move through these tubes to different parts of the cell
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Intermediate Fibers -
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moderately thick and mainly anchor organelles and enzymes to parts of the cell
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In the cytoplasm, ribosomes use...
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the RNA messages to assemble proteins
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Nuclear Envelope -
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double membrane that has many nuclear pores
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Nuclear Pores -
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small channels that allow certain molecules to move into and out of the nucleus
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Nucleolus -
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region where ribosome parts are made
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Ribosomes -
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made of RNA and proteins
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Vesicle -
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small, often spherical-shaped sac that is formed by the membrane
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) -
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a system of internal membranes that moves proteins and other substances through the cell
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Golgi Apparatus -
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set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs; cell products enter one side of the Golgi Apparatus, which modifies, sorts, and packages them for distribution
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Vesicles help maintain homeostasis by...
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storing and releasing various substances as the cell needs them
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Lysosome -
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vesicle that contains specific enzymes that break down large molecules
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Vacuole -
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large, membrane-bound compartment; stores water, ions, nutrients, and wastes; located only in plant cells
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Protists -
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pump out excess water
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The energy for cellular functions is produced by...
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chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Chloroplasts are found in...
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plants and some plant-like protists
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Chloroplasts -
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organelle that uses light energy to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water
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Motochondrion -
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organelle that uses energy from organic compounds to make ATP
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The different organelles and features in cells enable organisms to...
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function in unique ways in different environments
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Flagella -
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long, threadlike structures that rotate to quickly move an organism through its environment
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Pili -
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short, thick outgrowths that allow prokaryotes to attach to surfaces or other cells
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Tissue -
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a distinct group of cells that have similar structure and functions
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Organ -
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a specialized structure that has a specific function
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Organ System -
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various organs that carry out a major body function
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Colonial Organisms -
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cells that live as a connected group but do not depend on each other for survival
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Multicellularity -
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only occurs in eukaryotes; most begin as a single cell
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