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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What makes up the endocrine system?
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glands that release their products into the bloodstream
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What do the products of the endocrine system do?
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deliver messages throughout the body; specifically start, stop, slow down, and speed up processes
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Chemicals release in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body are called _________________.
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hormones
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How do hormones affect the activities of other cells?
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by binding to specific chemical receptors on those cells
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Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone are referred to as __________.
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target cells
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Cells without receptors are not affected by _____________.
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hormones
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TRUE OR FALSE? Generally, the body's responses to hormones are quicker and shorter lasting than the responses to nerve impulses.
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false
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An organ that produces and releases a substance, or secretion, is called an __________.
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gland
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What is an exocrine gland?
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release their secretions through ducts directly to organs
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Glands that release sweat, tears, and digestive juices are considered _______ glands.
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exocrine
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What is the function of the parathryroid glands?
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releases parathyroid hormones, which regulates the level of calcium
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The pineal gland produces _________.
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melatonin
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The thyroid gland produces __________.
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throxine
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The pancreas produces _______________.
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glucagon
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The thymus produces ________.
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thymosin
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The adrenal gland produces ______________.
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epinephrine (adrenaline) and norapinephrine
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What is another name for epinephrine?
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adrenaline
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What do the ovaries produce?
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estrogen
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What do the testis produce?
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testosterone
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The hormone that regulates metabolism is ______________.
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thyroxine
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List the two general groups into which hormones may be classified.
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steroid
nonsteroid |
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Steroid hormones are ______, they cannot _______________, they help _________________, and they can not _____________.
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lipids
cross cell membranes regulate gene expression enter the nucleus |
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Steroid hormones are produced from ____________.
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chlosterol
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Nonsteroid hormones are _____________ (3), can __________, rely on ______________, and cannot ______________.
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proteins, small peptides, or modified amino acids
cross cell membranes secondary messengers enter the nucleus |
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_________ messengers may include calcium, ions, cAMP, nucleotides, and fatty acids.
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secondary
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Hormonelike substances produced by other kinds of cells and tissues are called _______.
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prostaglandins
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Why are prostaglandins known as "local hormones"?
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because they only affect nearby cells and tissues
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TRUE OR FALSE? Some prostaglandins cause smooth muslces to contract.
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true
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When does feedback inhibition occur?
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when an increase in a substance "feeds back"
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The master regulatory gland is the ___________.
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pituitary
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When the hypothalamus releases _________, the anterior pituitary releases _______, which causes the thyroid to release __________.
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TRH
TSH thyroxine |
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When core body temp drops, the hypothalamus produces more _____, which makes more _______ be released, and increase ___________.
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TRH
TSH metabolism |
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As you lose water, the concentration of dissolved materials in the blood ________.
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rises
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What is complementary hormone action?
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when two opposing hormones regulate activities
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TRUE?FALSE? Calcitonin increases the concentration of calcium in the blood.
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false
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If calcium levels drop too low, the parathyroid glands release ____________
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PTH
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How does PTH increase calcium levels?
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stimulates intestine to absorb more calcium
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Why is the regulation of calcium levels so important?
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blood cannot clot; muscles cannot contract, and transport across cell membranes may fail.
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