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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
transformation
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process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
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bacteriophage
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"bacteria eater"; virus that infects bacteria
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nucleotides
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momomer of nucleic acids make up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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base pairing
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principal that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
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chromatin
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grandular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
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histone
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protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromitin
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replication
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copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
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DNA polymerase
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enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
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gene
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sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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messenger RNA
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(mRNA); RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rests of the cell
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ribosomal RNA
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(rRNA);type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
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transfer RNA
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(tRNA); type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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transcription
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process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copiesd into a complentary sequence in RNA
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RNA polymerase
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enzyme similar to DNA polyerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
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promotor
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region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
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intron
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sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
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exon
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expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
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codon
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three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
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translation
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decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
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anticodon
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group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
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