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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Thomas Hunt Morgan
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experimented with fruit fly and discovered sex chromosones
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sex chromosomes
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contain genes that determine the siex of an individual
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autosomes
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chromosomes that determine body characteristics
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SRY
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sex-determining region y
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sex-linked trait
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trait that is coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome
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linked genes
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pairs of genes that tend to be inherited together
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linkage group
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a set of linked genes
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chromosome map
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a diagram that shows the linear order of genes on a chromosome
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map unit
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the frequency of crossing over of two traits
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germ-cell mutations
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mutations that occur in an organisms gametes and affect the offspring but not the organism itself
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somatic-cell mutations
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mutations in an organism's body cells that affect the organism but cannot be inherited
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lethal mutations
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mutations that cause death, often before birth
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deletion
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the loss of a piece of a chromosome due to breakage
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inversion
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when a chromosomal segment breaks off, flips around backward, and reattaches
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translocation
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when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a nonhomologous chromosome
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nondisjunction
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when a chromosome fails to separate from its homologous pair during meiosis
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point mutation
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the substitution, addition, or removal of a single nucleotide
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substitution
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one nucleotide replaces another
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frameshift mutation
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incorrect grouping of remaining codons, caused by point mutations
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insertion mutations
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when one or more nucleotides are added to a gene
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