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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
carrier
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heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inherited genetic disorder
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chromosome map
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sequence that shows the relative distance between gene loci on a chromosome
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codominance
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inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed
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dihybrid
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individual that is heterozygous for two traits; shows the phenotype governed by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles
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dominant allele
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allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote; it masks the expression of the recessive allele
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gene linkage
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existence of several alleles on the same chromosome
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gene locus
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specific location of a particular gene on homologous chromosomes
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genotype
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genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits; often designated by letters - for example, BB or Aa
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heterozygous
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possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait
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homozygous
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possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait
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incomplete dominance
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inheritance pattern in which the offspring has an intermediate phenotype, as when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring
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law of independent assortment
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alleles of unlinked genes assort independently of each other during meiosis so that the gametes contain all possible combinations of alleles
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law of segregation
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separation of alleles from each other during meiosis so that the gametes contain one from each pair. Each resulting gamete has an equal chance of receiving either allele
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linkage group
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alleles of different genes that are locatedon the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together
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multifactorial trait
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trait controlled by polygenes subject to environmental influence; each dominant allele contributes to the phenotype in an additive and like manner
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phenotype
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visible expression of a genotype; ex. brown eyes or attached earlobes
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pleiotropy
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inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual
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polygenic inheritance
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pattern of inheritance in which a trait is controlled by several allele pairs; each dominant allele contributes to the phenotype in an additive and like manner
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Punnett square
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grid used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses
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recessive allele
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allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote; its expression is masked by a dominant allele
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recombinant gamete
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new combination of alleles incorporated into a gamete during crossing-over
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rule of multiplication
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the chance of two (or more) independent events occurring together is the product of their chance occurring separately
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testcross
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cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype. The resulting phenotypic ratio indicates whether the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous
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wild-type
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allele or phenotype that is the most common for a certain gene in an population
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X-linked
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allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sex characteristics of an animal
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