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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four main classes of large biological molecules?
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carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
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Polymers are formed by _____ reaction
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dehydration (condensation)
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polymers are broken down into monomers by ______ reactions
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hydrolysis
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_______ includes both sugars and polymers of sugars
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carbohydrates
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In aqueous solutions, glucose and most other sugars form
a. aldoses b. ketoses c. trioses d. rings |
d. rings
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Dissacharides are joined by a _____ linkage.
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glycosidic
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Glucose + Glucose = ____.
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maltose (1,4)
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glucose + fructose = _____.
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sucrose (1,2)
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glucose + galactose = ____.
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lactose
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plants store _____: a polymer of glucose molecules
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starch
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Starch is stored in ______.
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plastids (including chloroplasts)
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Animals store glucose as___; mainly in the _____ and ______.
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glycogen
liver muscle cells |
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Starch is a 1-4 linkage of (alpha/beta) glucose monomers
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alpha
(helical appearance) |
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Cellulose is a 1,4 linkage of (alpha/beta) glucose monomers
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beta
(straight appearance) |
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True or False
Cellulose is branched |
False- it is never branched
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80 cellulose molecules combine to form a ________.
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microfibril
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Chitin is an important structural polysaccharide found in _____.
a. plants b. humans c. arthropods d. fungi e. more than one of the above |
e- more than one of the above; its also found in many fungi which use chitin rather than cellulose as building material for their cell walls
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True or False
Lipids do not form true polymers |
True
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Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
a. Certain pigments b. Cholesterol c. Waxes d. Steroids e. All of the above are lipids |
e. all of the above are lipids
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This is an example of a _____.
List the components |
Unsaturated fat
Glycerol with 3 carbon backbone attached to 3 fatty acids via an ester linkage |
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Whats the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?
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Saturated fats have maximum hydrogen available (no double bond) whereas unsaturated fatty acid is deficient in hydrogens because of a double bond.
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Are you fat?
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Haha! Made you look!
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A kink in a fatty acid is the result of a ____ double bond.
a.cis b. trans |
cis
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Which contributes more to atherosclerosis, cis or trans fats?
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trans
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A gram of fat stores ___ amount of energy as a polysaccharide.
a. Twice b. Four times c. As much d. three times |
a. twice
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Whats the major difference between a phospholipid and a fatty acid?
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Phospholipid has one less fatty acid attached to it; instead a phosphate with fatty acid groups attached it is present in lieu of the 3rd fatty acid typically found in a fatty acid.
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Cholesterol is synthesized in the ______.
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Liver
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Draw the parts of an amino acid
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Which amino acids are basic?
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HAL
Histidine Lysine Arginine |
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Which amino acids are acidic?
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Gluatmic acid
Aspartic acid |
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Amino acid polymers are called ______ and they are attached via _____.
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polypeptide
peptide bonds |
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What is the primary structure of an amino acid?
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It is the unique sequence of amino acids
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What is the secondary structure of an amino acid?
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Coiled and folded structure (alpha helix, beta sheets) resulting from hydrogen bonding between repeating constituents on polypeptide backbone
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Tertiary structures are the result of interactions between _______.
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Side chains (R groups) of various amino acids
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Hydrophobic interactions are seen in what protein structural level?
a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Quartenary |
c. Tertiary
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What kind of bonding is found in the tertiary structure proteins?
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________ are proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins
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Chaperonins or chaperone proteins
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List the pyrimidines of nucleic acids.
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CUT THE PIE (pyrimidines)
C- cytosine U- uracil T- thymine |
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List the purines of nucleic acids.
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PURE (purine) As Gold
A- Adenine G- Guanine |
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Polymers of nucleotides are called ____.
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polynucleotides
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What are the parts of a nucleotide?
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Three carbon sugar (pentose)
Nitrogenous Base Phosphate group |
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On a nucleotide, the portion of a unit without a phosphate group is called a ______.
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Nucleoside
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Uracil replaces ____ and is found in (DNA/RNA)?
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thymine
RNA |
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The sugar attached to DNA is called ______.
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Ribose
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The sugar attached to RNA is called ____.
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Deoxyribose
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Adjacent nucleotides are joined by a _____ linkage.
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phosphodiester
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The opposing strands of DNA run (parallel/antiparallel) to each other
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antiparallel
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Base pairs are joined by _____.
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Hydrogen Bonding
G-C 3 A-T 2 |
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Base Pairing occurs as
G: ___ __: ___ |
G - C
A - T GCAT! |