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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of a cell surface membrane? |
Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell. Also has receptor Molecules on it which allows it to respond to chemicals like hormones |
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What is the function of the nucleus? |
Controls cells activities by controlling transcription of DNA. DNA contains instructions to make proteins. Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleolus makes ribosomes |
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What is the function of the mitochondrion? |
Site of aerobic respiration where ATP produced |
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What is the function of the chloroplast? |
Site where photosynthesis takes place. Some parts happen in grana and other in stroma |
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? |
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Makes lysosomes. |
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What is the function of the Golgi vesicle? |
Stores lipids and proteins made by Golgi apparatus and transports them out of cell via cell surface membrane |
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What is the function of the lysosomes? |
Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes. These kept separate from cytoplasm by surrounding membrane and can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of cell |
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What is the function of the SER? |
Synthesises and processes lipids |
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What is the function of the cell wall? |
Supports cell and prevents it from changing shape |
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What is the function of the RER? |
Folds and processes proteins that have been made at ribosomes |
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What is the function of the ribosome? |
Site where proteins made (protein synthesis) |
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What is the function of the cell vacuole? |
Helps to maintain pressure inside cell and keep cell rigid. Stops plant wilting. Also involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals. |
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Describe the cell surface membrane |
Found on surface of animal cells and just inside cell wall of other cells. Mainly made of lipids and proteins |
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Describe the cell surface membrane |
Found on surface of animal cells and just inside cell wall of other cells. Mainly made of lipids and proteins |
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Describe the cell wall |
Rigid structure that surrounds cell in plants algae and fungi. In plants and algae made mainly of carbohydrate cellulose. In fungi is made of chitin. |
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Describe the cell vacuole |
A membrane bound organelle found in cytoplasm of plant cells. Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts. Surround membrane called a tonoplast |
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Describe the nucleus |
Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains many pores. Contains chromosomes and one or more structures called a nucleolus |
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Describe the mitochondrion |
Have a double membrane. Inner one folded up to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration |
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Describe the choloroplast |
Found in plant and algal cells. Surrounded by a double membrane and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These membranes stacked up in some parts of chloroplast to form grana. Grana linked together by lamellae |
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Describe the Golgi apparatus |
Group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs. Vesicles often seen at edges of sacs |
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Describe the Golgi vesicle |
Small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus |
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Describe the lysosome |
Round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure. A type of Golgi vesicle |
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Describe the ribosome |
Very small organelle that either floats free in cytoplasm or is attached to RER. Made up of proteins and RNA. Not surrounded by a membrane |
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Describe the RER |
System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface covered with ribosomes. |
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Describe the SER |
Similar to RER but with no ribosomes |
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What does the salivary gland do? |
Produces saliva which moistens the food and contains an enzyme |
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What does the oesophagus do? |
Pushes food into stomach by process called peristalsis where the muscles contract and relax |
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What does the stomach do? |
Churns the food and mixes it with enzymes in acidic conditions |
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What does the liver do? |
Produces bile and stores carbohydrates (glycogen) |
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What does the Gall bladder do? |
Stores bile |
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What does the large intestine do? |
Absorbs water |
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What are the alveoli ? |
Bunches of tiny air sacs inside lungs. Each individual sack called an alveolus. When you breathe in they fill with air |
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List five features of an exchange surface |
-large SA to vol ratio -very thin -partially permeable -movement of environmental medium -movement of internal medium |
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In what two places is amylase produced? |
Pancreas and salivary gland |
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In what two places is amylase produced? |
Pancreas and salivary gland |
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Where is Maltase produced? |
On epithelium of small intestine |
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In what two places is amylase produced? |
Pancreas and salivary gland |
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Where is Maltase produced? |
On epithelium of small intestine |
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Why would concurrent flow not work in fish? |
Gas exchange would only occur at parts of Gill not entire length like in countercurrent |