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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A:
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Glycocalyx
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B:
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Polar region of phospholipid
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C:
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Nonpolar region of phospholipid.
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D:
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Integral protein.
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E:
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Peripheral protein.
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Forms part of the protein synthesis
site in the cytoplasm. |
Ribosomal RNA
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Act as "interpreter" molecules that
recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences. |
Transfer RNA
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Provides the energy needed for
synthesis reactions. |
ATP
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Found in the cytoplasm, this structure
specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made. |
Messenger RNA
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May be attached to the ER or scattered
in the cytoplasm. |
Ribosomal RNA
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Chromosomal centromeres split and
chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell. |
Anaphase
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Nuclear membrane and nucleolus
disintegrate. |
Late prophase
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Chromosomes align on the spindle
equator. |
Metaphase
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Centrioles move to opposite ends of
the cell. |
Early prophase
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Plays a role in the synthesis of
steroid-based hormones and proteins. |
Endoplasmic reticulum
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The actual site of protein synthesis.
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Ribosomes
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Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act
as organizers for the cytoskeleton. |
Microtubules
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Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus
that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA. |
Nucleoli
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Houses DNA and RNA.
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Nucleus
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Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
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True
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The spindle is formed by the migration of the chromatin.
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False
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Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G2.
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TRUE
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Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA.
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FALSE
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In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.
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FALSE
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The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.
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FALSE
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The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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TRUE
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Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.
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TRUE
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Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.
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TRUE
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DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.
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FALSE
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Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.
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TRUE
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The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol.
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TRUE
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Most organelles are bounded by a membrane that is quite different in structure from the lipid bilayer of the
plasma membrane. |
FALSE
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Only one cell type in the human body has a flagellum.
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TRUE
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Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.
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TRUE
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The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the:
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tRNA.
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A red blood cell placed in pure water would:
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swell and burst.
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The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is:
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the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell.
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Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?
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microvilli
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Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell
community include all of the following except: |
peroxisomes
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If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what
could happen? |
The cells will lose water and shrink.
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Which of the following is not a subcellular structure?
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intercellular material
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Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes
what happens? |
A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?
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Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
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Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?
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messenger RNA
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Mitosis is:
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nucleus replication.
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Cholesterol is used in the cell membrane to:
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help make the membrane more fluid.
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If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is
ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be: |
UGCAA.
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Passive membrane transport processes include:
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movement of a substance down its concentration gradient.
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Mitochondria:
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contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication.
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Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and
modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is: |
false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way.
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DNA replication:
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takes place during interphase of the cell cycle.
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Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?
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The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except
that uracil is substituted for thymine |
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Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory?
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A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
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The main component of the cytosol is:
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water.
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Lysosomes:
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contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell.
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A gene can best be defined as:
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a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain.
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Crenation is an example of:
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blood cells in a hypertonic solution.
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If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.
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UCG
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The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a specific amino acid is ________ RNA.
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transfer
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________ is the division of the cytoplasm.
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Cytokinesis
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The metabolic or growth phase of a cell life cycle is called ________.
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interphase
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In order for the DNA molecule to get "short and fat" to become a chromosome, it must first wrap around small
molecules called ________. |
histones
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________ are hollow tubes made of spherical protein subunits called tubulins.
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Microtubules
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Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ________.
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mitochondria
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The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called ________.
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exocytosis
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A red blood cell would swell if its surrounding solution were ________.
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hypotonic
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Explain the term genetic code. What does it code for? What are the letters of the code?
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The genetic code is the information encoded in the nucleotide base sequence of DNA. A sequence of three bases, called
a triplet, specifies amino acid in a protein. The letters of the code are the four nucleotide bases of DNA designated as A, T, C, and G. |
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Briefly name the subphases of interphase and tell what they do.
6 |
G1 - growth phase. The cell is metabolically active and the centriole begins to divide at the end of this phase.
S - DNA replicates itself. New histones are made and assembled into chromatin. G2 - Enzymes and proteins are synthesized and centriole replication is completed. This is the final phase of interphase. |