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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene flow is accomplished by ____.
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migration
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What subdiscipline of biology unites all of biology into a single science?
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evolution
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Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation?
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stabilizing selection
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The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ____.
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involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population
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Which of the following is most likely to lead to the evolution of two different species?
a) bottleneck effect b) stabilizing selection c) diversifying selection d) anagenesis e) directional selection |
c) diversifying selection
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What term is used to refer to structures that have a similar origin or ancestry even though they may be very different in appearance?
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homologous
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What is genetic drift?
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chance changes in the gene pool of a small population
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____ is the study of fossils
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Paleontology
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What does Darwinian fitness measure?
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reproductive success
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The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ____.
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common ancestry
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Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the Amish having a higher incicdence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as a whole?
a) founder effect b) diversifying selection c) bottleneck effect d) stabilizing selection e) directional selection |
founder effect
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Your physician gives you a prescription for an antibiotic. You take the antibiotic until you are feeling better and decide to save the remaining doses for future use. What is the likely result of your behavior?
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You are contributing to that antibiotic being less effective the next time it is used.
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Natural selection ____.
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results in evolutionary adaptation
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Which of the following is a component of the fossil record?
a) the distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia b) molecular sequences c) the similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats d) the similarity of the forelimbs of sharks and penguins e) dinosaur footprints |
e) dinosaur footprints
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Which of the following is a population?
a) the termites infesting your house b) the termites infesting your house along with tthe microorganisms living in their guts c) all of the termites that have ever lived d) all organisms living in your house e) all of the termites currently alive |
a) the termites infesting your house
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a) Natural selection workson variation already present in a population. b) Sexual recombination increases variation. c) Bacteria develop antibiotic resistance as a response to exposure to antibiotics. d) Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation. e) Mutations are random changes in genetic material. |
c) Bacteria develop antibiotic resistance as a response to exposure to antibiotics.
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In the Hardy-Weingberg formula, what does p2 represent?
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frequency of the AA genotype
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Which of the following are most likely to be homologous?
a) the presence of a tail in both birds and monkeys b) the structures of bird and bat forelimbs c) the presence of DNA in all cells d) the presence of saber teeth in marsupial and placental carnivores e) the structures of penguin and shark forelimbs |
c) the presence of DNA in all cells
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After surviving a bottleneck, a population recovers to the point where it consists of as many individuals as it did prior to the bottleneck. Which of the following statements is most lik el to apply to this population?
a) The posbottleneck population has the same probablility of going extinct as did the prebottleneck pop. b) The bottleneck subjected the pop. to stabilizing selection. c) The postbottleneck pop. exhibits more genetic variation than the prebottleneck pop. d) The postbottleneck pop. has less of a chance of going extinct than did the prebottleneck pop. e) The postbottleneck pop. exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck pop. |
e) The postbottleneck po pulation exhibits less gentic variation than the prebottleneck population.
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In the African tropics the maintenance of the sickle-cell allele in the human population can be attributed to ___.
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stabilizing selection
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The oldest known fossils are from about ___ years ago.
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3.5 billion
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement of natural selection?
a) overproduction of offspring b) genetic variation c) differential reproductive success d) inheritance e) catastrophic events |
e) catastrophic events
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Natural selection can be defined as ___.
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descent with modification
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Which of the following would NOT pertain to a population at Hard-Weinberg equilibrium?
a)The population size is large b) There is no mutation c) The population is subject to natural selection d) Individuals do not migrate into and out of the population e) all individuals produce the same number of offspring |
c) The population is subject to natural selection
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In sexually reproducing organisms, the events of ___ do not contribute to an increase in genetic variation.
a) random fertilization b) prophase I c) crossing over d) metaphase I e) all of these events do contribute to an increase in genetic variation |
e) all of theseevents do contribute to an increase in genetic variation
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The Galpagos Islands are off the west coast of ___.
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Ecuador
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If the frequency of a dom inant allele is 0.7, what is the frequency of the recessive allele?
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0.30
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Genetic drift wil NOT occur if ___.
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The population size is large
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The smallest unit of evolution is the ____.
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population
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All of the alleles of all of the genes within a population defines that population's ___.
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gene pool
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