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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have?
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Radial symmetry
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Some Cnidarians have __________ for protection.
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An exoskeleton
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Cnidarians have a _____________ net, allowing for minimal coordinated movement.
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nerve
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What cell layers do Cnidarians have?
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Ectoderm and endoderm, with the mesohyl in between.
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Ectoderm
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Outside, epidermal layer
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Endoderm
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Inner, endodermal layer
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Nematocysts
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Stinging cells in the ectoderm of tentacles for capturing prey and protection (within the cnidocyte).
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What has Nematocysts?
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Cnidarians
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Cnidarians have 2 body forms ___________ and _________ in their life cycle. They exhibit ________________.
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Polyp
Medusa Polymorphism |
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Body forms that remain attached to a surface are called __________.
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Sessile
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In polymorphic species polyp, they are generally responsible for ______________ and are ____________ (sessile/motile).
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Asexual reproduction
Sessile |
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In polymorphic species medusa, they are responsible for _____________ and are _____________ (sessile/motile).
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Sexual Reproduction
Motile |
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Life Cycle of a Jellyfish
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Hydra exhibit the _______ form only. They are in the phylum _________.
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Polyp
Cnidarian |
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Tentacles of a hydra pull in food and push it through the mouth and into the gastrovascular cavity, using _________ and __________ muscles.
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Circular
Longitudinal |
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Cnidarians have a internal cavity called a ___________.
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Gastrovascular cavity.
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Nematocysts in the tentacles are released when prey __________ the trigger. Barbs and poisons are used to _________ and _________ the prey.
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Touches
Capture Immobilize |
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Cnidarians: Cells containing flagella line the endoderm (inner) or _____________ layer. They move back and forth to create a current in the GVC.
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Gastrodermal layer (specialized endoderm)
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Cnidarians: Gastrodermal cells secrete _________________ to break down food (extracellular digestion) into smaller particles. Most digestion is done this way.
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Digestive enzymes
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Cnidarians: Smaller fragments of food are taken into ____________ cells (endocytosis) and digestion is completed in a ___________, via _____________ (intracellular digestion).
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Gastrodermal cells
Vacuole Lysosomes |
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Circulation of a Cnidarian
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Products of digestion are distributed by diffusion from cell to cell (walls are only 2 cells thick).
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Elimination of a Cnidarian
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Wastes are eliminated from vacuoles into the GVC and out through the mouth.
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Cnidarians: Oxygen enters the cells by __________, from the surrounding water, and is used by the cell for ____________________.
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Diffusion
Cellular Respiration |
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Cnidarians: Carbon dioxide, a waste product of ____________________, leaves the cells by __________, into the surrounding water.
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Cellular Respiration
Diffusion |
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Excretion of a Cnidarian
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Nitrogenous wastes leave the cells by diffusion.
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Cnidarian: They have a ____________ that runs through the mesohyl (mesoglea). When stimulated, it will respond by contracting/relaxing muscles. Hydra have _________ cells that are sensitive to _________, __________, _______, and balance.
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Nerve net
Sensory Touch Light Chemicals |
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Hydra have _________ and ___________ muscle fibres in the ectoderm and endoderm layers. These muscles allow for _______________.
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Longitudinal
Circular Simple movement |
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Contraction of the circular muscles allows it to __________.
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Lengthen
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Contraction of the longitudianal muscles allows it to __________.
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Shorten (either all around or on on side only (bending))
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What kind of skeleton does a Cnidarian have?
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A hydrostatic skeleton. (Their internal cavity, GVC, fills with water, keeping them upright. The combination of the water and the muscle contractions allows them to move.)
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Asexual Reproduction of a Cnidarian
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Budding and Regeneration (able to grow missing parts)
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Sexual Reproduction of a Cnidarian
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Some are hemaphrodites. Ovaries and testes grow on the side of adults.
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Cnidarian: The zygote goes through cell division (mitosis) and develops into ciliated larva, called a _______.
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Planula
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Planula swim to another location, _______________ to a surface, and develops into _________.
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Settles and attaches
Adult polyp form |
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Cnidarians are important to the ecology of __________ and ________ oceans in the form of _________.
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Temperate
Tropical Coral (eg. Great Barrier Reef) |
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Cnidarians form _________ relationships with other organisms.
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Symbiotic
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Cnidarians; Commensalism: Clown fish and ____________. The clown fish is ______ to the cnidarian's toxins, so it used it as a shelter from predators.
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Sea anemones
Immune |
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Cnidarians; Mutualism: Coral and _______. Inside the sac of each coral polyp lives a one celled ________. The _______ gives off _______ and other nutrients that the coral polyp needs to live and in return the polyp gives it __________ and other substances it's partner needs.
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Algae
Algae Algae Oxygen Carbon Dioxide |
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Cnidarians; Mutualism: Certain fish are immune to the sting of a _______. They take shelter with the Cnidarian, thereby baiting a trap for other fish. Fish then share a _____ with the jellyfish.
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Jellyfish
Meal |
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The common name for Porifera is ________.
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Sponge.
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Sponges are a part of a group of animals called _______________, meaning they have __________.
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Invertebrates
No backbone |
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Sponges are considered the _____________ animal phylum.
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Oldest living
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Porifera means "__________".
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Pore bearers.
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They live in __________ and ___________ environments.
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Freshwater
Marine |
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Sponges are _________trophic, and multicellular.
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Hetero
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Sponges exhibit a _________ level of __________.
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Cellular
Organization |
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Sponges are ________________ in shape.
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Assymmetrical.
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Sponges are ________ (sessile/motile).
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Sessile
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Sponges (have/don't have) true tissues.
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Don't have
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Sponges are made up of 2 cell layers, the outer _____ and the inner ______. They also have a middle layer called the _______.
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Ectoderm
Endoderm Medohyl (non-cellular, jelly-like middle region) |
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Sponges: The ectoderm is made up of ___________ and is called the ________.
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Pinacocytes
Epidermis |
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Sponges (do/do not) have nervous, digestive, or circulatory systems.
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Do not
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Sponges rely on maintaining a constant ______________ through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes.
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Water flow
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Pore Cells
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Create a bridge and allows for movement of materials.
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Pinacocyte
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Protection.
Form the epidermal layer/ectoderm. |
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Amoebocyte
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1) Eat digested and large particles
2) Carry and distribute digested food through the mesohyl 3) Produce sperm and eggs 4) Unspecialized --> can transform into other types of cells 5) Make up gemmules |
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Choanocyte
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Create water current.
Make up the endodermal layer and line the central cavity. Carry sperm and eggs. |
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Spicule
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Found throughout the mesohyl.
Skeleton. Formed from 3 different types of specialized amoebocytes. Made out of silica, calcium carbonate, and protein spongin. |
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Sponges can be classified based on the composition, size, and shape of ___________.
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Spicules.
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Ingestion of a Sponge
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Filter feeders. They remove and filter detritus, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria in the water in the following way: collar cells beat their flagella, draws water through pore cell, into the central cavity and out the osculum. Food in water is trapped in the mucus on the collar cell.
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Sponge; Digestion: Food is brought into the collar cell by __________, creating a food vacuole. Small food particles in the vacuole are digested by _________ inside the cell. (______________) ie intracellular digestion
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Endocytosis 'cell eating' phagocytosis
Enzymes Lysosomes |
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With sponges, digested food and large, undigested food particles are passed to amoebocytes in the mesohyl, via _____________ and ____________. Amoeboid cells digest __________ particles.
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Exocytosis
Endocytosis Larger |
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Internal Transport for Sponges
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Amoebocytes move through the mesohyl to distribute digested food (nutrients).
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Elimination for Sponges
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Waste is enclosed in a vacuole and leave the cell by exocytosis. Wastes are then swept out the osculum with water currents.
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Excretion for Sponges
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N-wastes exit the sponge's cells by diffusion and is swept out of the osculum.
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Nitrogenous Wastes
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Cellular wastes or the bi-products of cellular metabolism (what we think of as liquid wastes in humans).
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Respiration for Sponges
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Oxygen enters with water through pore cells. Diffuses from the water across the cell membrane into cells. Carbon dioxide leaves the cell by diffusion into the water and out the osculum.
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Diffusion
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The movement of materials from areas of high concentration (of that material) to areas of low concentration (of that material).
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Sexual Reproduction of Sponges
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Separate Sexes or Hermaphrodites. Sperm and eggs are made by Amoeboid cells.
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Asexual Reproduction of Sponges
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Fragmentation
Budding Gemmules |
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Gemmules
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Produced by some fresh water sponges when conditions are UNFAVORABLE. They are made up of a clump of spicules and amoebocytes, covered in a tough protective coat. They remain DORMANT until conditions IMPROVE.
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Do sponges have a nervous system?
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No.
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The larvae of sponges (are/are not) motile, while the adults (are/are not) motile.
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Are (Cilia)
Are not |
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Sponges form deep ocean _____________ (a global rarity) along the BC coast that provides _________, ___________, and ___________ areas for fish and invertebrates.
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Glass sponge reefs
Habitats Breeding Nursery |
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Sponges are a important ___________ link. (eg. Turtle Chilton, small fish, snails, nudibranchs, all _______________)
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Food web
Eat sponges |
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Sponges provide __________ marine animals (eg. Crabs)
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Camouflage
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Sponges; Mutualism: Bacteria living within the __________. Can make up to ___% of the sponge's mass.
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Mesohyl
40 |
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Sponges; Commensalism: Plant like protists, snails, crabs, fish, ________, brittle stars, ________, and bivalve are common inhabitants of sponges.
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Octopus
Shrimps |
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Sponges help clean the ocean floor by boring into ____________ and ____________ and by releasing _________ to help break them down (recycling the nutrients).
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Dead shells
Corals Chemicals |
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Cnidiaria means '______' and refers to __________.
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Nettle
Nematocysts |
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Cnidarians have a ________ level of organization
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Tissue
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Examples of Cnidarians?
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Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydra, sea pens.
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Cnidarian Photo
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Sponge Anatomy
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Digestion of Sponges
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Where is the hold fast of the sponge?
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The middle-base of the sponge.
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Where is the substrate of the sponge?
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Where the sponge attaches to a surface.
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What's another name for a choanocyte?
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Collar cell.
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Pinacocytes are a part of what layer?
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The epidermis.
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What kind of specialized endoderm does a Hydra (Cnidarians) have?
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Gastroderm.
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What's a cnidocyte?
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It's what holds the Nematocysts.
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The cnidocyte is the 'gun' and the nematocysts is the 'bullet'.
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