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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prophase |
1. Duplicated chromosomes condense 2. Spindle starts forming( attached to centrosomes) |
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Prometaphase |
1. The nuclear envelope breaks into fragments and disappears 2. Micro tubules extend from the centrosomes into the nuclear region 3. Some spindle micro tubules attach to the centromeres. 4. other micro tubules meet those from the opposite poles |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes walked along spindle to the equator of the cell(line up in imaginary equator) |
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Anaphase |
1. Sister chromatids separate and are pulled by micro tubules to opposite ends of cell. 2. Each chromatid is still a chromosomes- just not duplicated |
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Telephase |
1. Spindle releases chromosomes 2. Chromosones retuen to regular( Chromatin form) 3. Nuclear membrane from around chromosomes *not the end of mitosis |
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Cytokinesis |
Start with single cell with two nuclei |
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Animals in cytokensis |
cell membrane pinches into two by process of cleavage |
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plant in cytokensis |
cell plate form in between two nuclei eventually joins to original cell wall |
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In our bodies most cells divide |
5 million per second |
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Rarely divide and stays in interphase |
fat, muscle, and nerve cells |
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Cell cycle |
1. Regulated by growth factors...these are proteins 2. Contains" checkpoint" that can stop or promote an event 3. Tell cycle when to start...stopp. 4. If no growth factor, no mitosis.... |
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G1 checkpoint |
allows entry into S phasr or causes the cell to leave the cycle( enters a non-dividing G0 phase) 1. G2 checkpoint 2. M check point |
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What is the hottest areas in biology to study? |
Research on the control of the cell cycle |
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Cancer |
claims 20% of the people in the US. cancer cells escape control on the cell cycle cancer cell divide excessively and invade other tissues of the body |
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tumor |
is a mass of abnormally growing cell |
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Benign tumors |
remain at the original site but may disrupt certain organs if they grow in size |
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malignant tumors |
can spread to other location in a process called metastasis |
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how is regulation faulty? |
most cells when packed too tight, stop production of growth factors |
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Treatments of cancer |
1. Surgery 2. Radiation 3. Chemotherapy(antibiotic drugs, interfere with mitosis/centro lies) |
