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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of life
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Biology
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The dynamics of any ecosystem depend on what two main processes?
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recycling of chemical nutrients and flow of energy.
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the level at which the properties of life emerge.
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The cell
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the lowest level of structure that can perform all activities required for life
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The cells
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All organisms are composed of _____
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cells
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What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
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To regulates the passage of materials between the cell and its surroundings.
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Every cell uses ____ as its genetic information.
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DNA
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What are the two major types of cells?
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
(Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) |
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Type of cell that is simpler and usually smaller and characteristic of bacteria.
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Prokaryotic Cells
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Type of cell subdivided by internal membranes into different functional compartments called organelles and found in plants and animals.
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Eukaryotic cell
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the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring; used by all cells
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DNA
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The chemical language of DNA is common to all organisms and consists of just four molecular building blocks with names that are abbreviated. What are they?
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Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine - Guanine
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The entire “book” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
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Genome
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______ ________ has transformed the pharmaceutical industry and extended millions of lives.
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Genetic Engineering
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What is packed in the nucleus of each human cell?
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a genome that is about 3 billion chemical letters long.
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How many species of known life have biologists identified and named?
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1.8 million
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What is the estimated total number of species on Earth?
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range from 10 million to over 100 million.
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The branch of biology that names and classifies species.
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Taxonomy
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What are The Three Domains of Life
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Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
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What domains of life have prokaryotic cells.
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Bacteria and Archaea
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What domains of life have eukaryotic cells?
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Eukarya
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The genetic language possessed and used by all life
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DNA
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accounts for the combination of unity and diversity of life
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Evolution
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How do we document the history of life?
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Fossils
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The evolutionary view of life came into focus in 1859 by the man who published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Who is this man?
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Charles Darwin
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Darwin’s book developed what two main points?
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Species living today descended from a succession of ancestral species in what Darwin called “descent with modification,” capturing the duality of life’s unity (descent) and diversity (modification).
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the mechanism for descent with modification.
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Natural Selection
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What caused the inspiration for Darwin's theory?
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Darwin was struck by the diversity of animals on the Galápagos Islands.
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What was Darwin's conclusion from his studies
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Unequal reproductive success aka Natural Selection
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What two observations led to Darwin's conclusion
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Observation 1: Overproduction and competition
Observation 2: Individual variation |
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What is the product of Natural Selection
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Adaptation
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the mechanism of evolution.
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Natural selection
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the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans.
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Artificial Selection
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Name and explain two examples of Natural Selection
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1.) In Galápagos finches, beak size becomes better suited to the size and shape of available seeds.
2.) Antibiotic-resistance in bacteria evolves in response to the overuse of antibiotics. |
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the unifying theme of biology.
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Evolution
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What did science develop from?
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our curiosity about ourselves and the world around us.
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What are the two main scientific approaches?
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Discovery science which mostly describes nature.
and Hypothesis-driven science which is mostly about explaining nature. |
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what type of reasoning takes the form of “If…then” logic?
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deductive reasoning
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What is a scientific theory, and how is it different from a hypothesis?
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A scientific theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. Theories only become widely accepted in science if they are supported by an accumulation of extensive and varied evidence.
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Includes all life and all the places where life exists
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Biosphere
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Consists of all living organisms in a particular area and all the non-living components of the environment with which life interacts.
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Ecosystem
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All organisms in an area
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community
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Groups of interacting individuals of one species within communities
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Population
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consists of a group of similar cells performing a specific function; building blocks of organs
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Tissue
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Where do cells come from
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other cells
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What should you think of when you see the 'E' in Ecosystem?
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Energy
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Why aren't fungi considered plants?
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Fungi consume decomposed material, not sunlight
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name 3 kingdoms of domain eukarya
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Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia |
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What is the difference between Protists and Bacteria?
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Protists are more animal-like
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What is one major characteristic of Protists?
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They are single-celled
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