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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Energy
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capacity to do work
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sum of all reactions that occur in a cell.
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metabolism
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Anabolic reactions
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reactions that build more complex products from smaller reactants.
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These are examples of?
# E.g. Amino acids are assembled to make proteins. # E.g. Simple sugars are assembled to make starch # E.g. Fatty acids are assembled to make lipids. |
Anabolic reactions
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Catabolic reactions
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reactions that break down complex reactants into smaller products.
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These are examples of?
# E.g. Proteins are broken down to make amino acids. # E.g. Starch is broken down to make simple sugars. # E.g. Lipids are broken down to make fatty acids. |
Catabolic reactions
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Exergonic reactions
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Energy is released when a chemical reaction occurs.
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Endergonic reactions
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Energy is required for a chemical reaction to occur.
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T/F, Carbon dioxide and water are joined to make sugar molecules is an example of an Endergonic reaction
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True
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T/F, sugar molecule broken down to make carbon dioxide and water is an example of an exergonic reaction?
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True
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ATP has three main functions in cells.
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* Chemical work – the manufacture of macromolecules during metabolism
* E.g. the formation of proteins from amino acids * Transport work – the transportation of substances across cell membranes * E.g. the transportation of potassium across the plasma membrane * Mechanical work – the physical movement of cellular components * E.g. muscle contraction, cilia and flagella movement, chromosome movement |
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A <blank> is a series of linked chemical reactions in the cell that construct a product or products from a substrate or substrates.
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metabolic pathway
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What is this?
o Protein molecules o Manufactured by the cell from information contained in the genes o Assist reactions without being changed themselves (e.g. they are true catalysts). |
An Enzyme
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The <blank> states that the enzyme changes its physical shape to conform to the physical characteristics of a specific substrate. This allows for the substrate and the enzyme to form a bond with each other.
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Induced Fit Model
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Anabolism
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Within a cell or organism, the sum of all biosynthetic reactions (that is, chemical reactions in which larger molecules are formed from smaller ones).
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Within a cell or organism, the sum of all chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller parts.
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Catabolism
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What form of energy is defined as the movement of objects from a higher to lower entropy state?
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Kinetic energy
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What molecule functions as an intermediary in coupled reactions?
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ATP
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What two kinds of reactions are coupled during energy conversion in the cell?
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Endergonic and exergonic
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The energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another, or to cause the molecules to react with one another at a faster rate is called
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Energy of activation
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Specific locations on the surface of an enzyme molecule to which other molecules become attached prior to the chemical reaction are called
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Active sites
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The model stating that the enzyme changes its physical shape to conform to the physical characteristics of a specific substrate is called the
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Induced fit model
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Molecules that attach themselves to active sites on the enzyme, thereby blocking the action of the enzyme are an example of
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Competitive inhibition
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In some cases enzymes need specific vitamins or ions in order to function optimally. These are called
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Cofactors
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