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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List 3 characteristics of most viral infections
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1. cause mild symptoms
2. cause no symptoms 3. do not require extensive treatment |
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List 4 common viral diseases
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1. common cold
2. influenza 3. flulike syndromes 4. gastroenteritis |
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List 3 characteristics of other viral infections that target essential tissues and organs
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1. very cytolytic
2. induce immunopathologic effects 3. can cause serious & even life-threatening disease |
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In general, the symptoms & severity of a viral infection are determined by which 3 things?
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1. the patient's ability to prevent or rapidly resolve the infection before the virus can reach important organs or cause significant damage
2. the target tissue & virulence of the virus 3. the ability of the body to repair the damage |
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Viral diseases are discussed with respect to which 3 things?
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1. with respect to their symptoms
2. the organ system they target 3. the host factors that influence their presentation (previous chapters stressed the viral characteristics that promote disease) |
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List the major sites of viral disease
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1. respiratory tract
2. gastrointestinal tract 3. epithelial 4. mucosal 5. endothelial linings of the skin, mouth & genitalia 6. lymphoid tissue 7. liver & other organs 8. central nervous system (CNS) |
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What are the 2 most common sites of viral infection and disease
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1. oropharynx
2. respiratory tract |
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How are viruses spread?
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1. in respiratory droplets & aerosols
2. food & water 3. saliva 4. by close contact 5. on hands |
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Similar respiratory symptoms can be caused by several different viruses
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Respiratory tract pathogens = wide range of organisms
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Which viruses are capable of causing bronchiolitis?
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1. respiratory syncytial
2. parainfluenza virus |
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One virus may cause different symptoms in different people
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Respiratory tract pathogen = wide range of symptoms in different people
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Which virus can cause a mild upper respiratory tract infection in one person and a life-threatening pneumonia in another?
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influenza virus
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*Viral infections may be divided into two main groups
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* localized- only at the port of entry
* systemic- from port of entry to the target organ |
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Symptoms & severity of a respiratory viral disease depend on what 4 things?
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1. nature of the virus
2. site of infection (upper or lower respiratory tract) 3. immune status 4. the age of the person |
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How do conditions such as cystic fibrosis and smoking increase the risk of serious disease?
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conditions compromise the ciliated and mucosoepithelial barriers to infection
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What are the two most common viral presentations?
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1. pharyngitis
2. oral disease |
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What is the site of infection for most enteroviruses?
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Oropharynx
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How do enteroviruses progress to other target tissues?
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by way of a viremia
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Define viremia
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the presence of a virus in the blood. ???sepsis (bloostream infection)
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List symptoms of Coxsackie A virus infections, Cocksackie B virus, and echovirus infections?
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accute onset pharyngitis, fever, & oral vesicular lesions (herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease)
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List characteristics of Adenovirus and the early stages of EBV disease
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sore thoat and tonsillitis with an exudative membrane, and then EBV infects B lymphocytes to cause infectious mononucleosis.
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HSV causes....
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1. local primary infections of the oral mucosa & face (gingivostomatitis) and then establishes a
2. latent neuronal infection that can recur in the form of herpes labialis (cold sores, fever blisters) |
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HSV local primary infections
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oral mucosa & face (gingivostomatitis)
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HSV latent neuronal infections
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can recur in the form of herpes labialis (cold sores, fever blisters)
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HSV is also a common cause of...
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pharyngitis
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What are Koplik's spots?
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vesicular lesions on the buccal mucosa & are an early diagnostic feature of measles infection.
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List an early diagnostic feature of measles infection
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Koplik's spots (vesicular lesions on the buccal mucosa)
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Which viruses intiate infection in the lung and can cause pneumonia but generally cause systemic infections resulting in an exanthem (rash)?
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Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) & measles virus
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List two things Varicella-zoster virus and measles virus have in common?
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These viruses initiate infection in the lung and can cause pneumonia but generally cause systemic infections resulting in an exanthem (rash)
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What is an exanthem?
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Rash
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List viruses that establish primary infection of the oropharynx or respiratory tract and then progress to other sites
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-rubella, mumps, enteroviruses, and several human herpesviruses-herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
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Many viral infections start in the oropharynx or respiratory tract, infect the lung, and spread without causing significant symptoms.
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***
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Which viral infections of the upper respiratory tract are benign?
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1. the common cold
2. pharyngitis |
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Upper respiratory tract viral infections
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account for at least 50% of absenteeism from schools and the workplace.
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Which viral diseases are the predominant causes of upper respiratory tract infections?
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rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
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List Typical symptoms of the common cold
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runny nose (rhinitis) followed by congestion, cough, sneezing, conjunctivitis, headache, and sore throat
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What is rhinitis?
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runny nose
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List other causes of the common cold & pharyngitis
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specific serotypes of echoviruses & Coxsackie viruses, adenoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, & respiratory syncytial virus.
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