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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define:
α-Amino Acid |
(a.k.a. Amino Acid)
A compound consisting of a carbon atom to which are attached a primary amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a side chain (R group), and an H atom. Also called an α-Amino Acid |
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Define:
α-Carbon |
The carbon atom of an amino acid to which the amino and carboxylic acid groups are attached.
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Define:
Chiral Center |
An atom whose substituents are arranged such that it is not superimposable on its mirror image.
Also called an asymmetric center. |
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Define:
Chirality |
The property of being asymmetric
A chiral molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. |
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Define:
Condensation Reaction |
The formation of a covalent bond between two molecules, during which the elements of water are lost; the reverse of hydrolysis.
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Define:
C-Terminus |
i.e. Carboxyl Terminus
The end of a polypeptide that has a free carboxylate group. Also called C-terminus |
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Define:
Dipeptide |
A polypeptide consisting of two amino acids.
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Define:
Enantiomers |
Molecuels that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of one another.
Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomer. |
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Define:
N-Terminus |
i.e. Amino Terminus
The end of a polypeptide that has a free amino group. Also called the N-Terminus |
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Define:
Oligopeptide |
A polypeptide containing a few amino acid residues.
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Define:
Peptidase |
An enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds.
Also called a protease. |
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Define:
Peptide bond |
An amide linkage between the α-amino group of one amino acid and the α-carboxylate group of another.
peptide bonds link the amino acid residues in a polypeptide. |
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Define:
pI |
Isoelectric Point (pI)
The pH at which a molecule has no net charge and hence does not migrate in an electric field. |
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Define:
Protein |
A macromolecule that consists of one or more polypeptide chains.
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Define:
R Group |
A symbol for a variable portion of an organic molecule, such as the side chain of an amino acid.
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Define:
Residue |
A term for a monomeric unit of a polymer.
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Define:
Stereoisomer |
Chiral molecules with different configurations about at least one of their asymmetric centers but which are otherwise identical.
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Define:
Tripeptide |
A polypeptide containing three amino acids.
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Define:
Zwitterion |
(i.e. Dipolar Ion)
A compound bearing oppositely charged groups. Also called a zwitterion. |