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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Citrate synthase
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Acetyl CoA + OAA -> Citrate
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ATP citrate lyase
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Citrate -> Acetyl CoA + OAA
*Requires ATP (ATP -> ADP) |
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Malic enzyme
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Malate -> Pyruvate
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Biotin-dependent ATP carboxylase
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Acetyl CoA + bicarbonate -> Malonyl CoA
*Requires ATP (ATP -> ADP) |
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Acetyl CoA:ACP transacetylase
Malonyl CoA:ACP transacetylase |
Acetyl/Malonyl CoA -> Acetyl-ACP, malonyl-ACP
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Ketoacyl ACP synthase
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Acetyl ACP + malonyl ACP -> acetoacetyl ACP + CO2
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Ketoacyl ACP reductase
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Acetoacetyl ACP -> D-beta-hydroxybutyrl ACP
*Converts NADPH to NADP+ |
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Beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase
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D-beta-hydroxybutyrl ACP -> Trans-buteonyl ACP
*Converts NADPH -> NADP+ |
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Enol ACP reductase
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Trans-buteonyl ACP -> Butyryl ACP
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Thioesterase
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C16 Palmitate ACP -> Palmitate + ACP
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Briefly describe palmitate biosynthesis
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1. Acetyl CoA (cannot leave mitochondria) brought to cytosol via conversion with OAA to citrate (reconverted outside)
2. Acetyl CoA combines with bicarbonate to form malonyl CoA (pyruvate decarboxylase) 3. Acetyl, malonyl CoA both transacetylated to acetyl, malonyl ACP (acetyl/malonyl CoA:ACP transacetylase) 4. Acetyl and malonyl ACP combine to form aceteoacetate ACP (ketoacyl ACP synthase) 5. Aceotoacetyl ACP first reduced (C=O becomes OH), then dehydrated (becomes double bond) then reduced again (becomes single bond) to form butyryl ACP 6. Butyryl ACP combines with acetyl ACP, cycle continues until C16 reached 7. Palmitate (C16) cleaved from ACP by thioesterase |
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What is the formula of palmitic acid (carbons)?
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C16
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What is the formula for palmitoleic acid? (carbons)
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C16;1 (9)
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What is the formula for stearic acid? (carbons)
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C18
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What is the formula for oleic acid? (carbons)
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C18;1 (9)
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What is the formula for linoleic acid? (carbons)
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C18;2 (9,12)
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What is the formula for linolenic acid? (carbons)
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C18;3 (9,12, 15)
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Stearoyl CoA desaturase
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Catalyzes desaturation reactions of palmitic and stearic acid, requires at least 6C from omega-carbon
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What is the reaction for elongation of fatty acids in mitochondria?
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Acyl CoA + Acetyl CoA -> (N+2C)-Acyl CoA
*Uses NADH or NADPH |
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What is the reaction for elongation of fatty acids in the ER?
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Acyl CoA + Malonyl CoA -> (N+2C)-Acyl CoA
*Only uses NADPH |
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Acyl CoA synthetase
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Fatty acid + ATP + CoA-SH -> Fatty acid CoA + AMP + PPi + H2O
*Activates fatty acid |
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Glycerol-phosphate acyl transferase
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G3P (from DHAP) + 2 Fatty Acid-CoA -> Fatty Acid CoA-G3P-Fatty Acid CoA
*Product is phosphatidic acid *Fatty acid attached to C1 is usually saturated, to C2 is usually unsaturated |
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What is diacylglycerol?
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Intermediate in fatty acid synthesis, when phosphate group is removed from G3P (with two fatty acids already attached)
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What is triacylglycerol?
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= Triglyceride
Formed from addition of a third fatty acid to diacylglycerol |