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206 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false? |
Organism as have an unchanging, constant internal environment. |
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Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most? |
Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem |
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What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system? |
An organ system includes tissues. |
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The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasps nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together all of these organisms represent |
A community |
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If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground up beef muscle. What levels of organization are represented in this ground up muscle? |
Organelle, cell, and tissue |
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Which of the following statements regarding a common cellular activity is false? |
New cells are derived from cellular components like organelles |
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Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that |
Has a membrane. |
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Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false? |
Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem |
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In an ecosystem, energy |
Typically flows from producers through a series of consumers |
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Which of the following statements about genetics is true? |
Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their dna |
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Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains |
Bacteria and archaea |
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Which of the following statements about the domain bacteria is true? |
All bacteria lack a nucleus |
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Members of the kingdom animalia |
Can obtain their food by eating other organisms |
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Kingdom fungi includes species |
That obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients |
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Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain eukarya? |
Fungi |
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Organisms belonging to the kingdom plantae |
Are photosynthetic |
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The teeth of grain eating animals are usually broad and ridged. This make an he teeth suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat eating animals have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates |
A result of natural selection as well as the connection between form and function |
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Which of the following statements is not consistent with darwins theory of natural selection? |
Individual organisms experience genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment |
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An antibiotic kills 99.9% of bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria |
To be resistant to that antibiotic |
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Which of the following statements about evolution is true? |
Evolution can result in adaptations |
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"If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." The statement is an example of |
Deductive reasoning |
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A hypothesis is |
A proposed explanation for a set of observations |
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You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new style. This is an example of |
A hypothesis |
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A theory is |
An explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence |
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To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be |
Testable and falsifiable |
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The role of a control in an experiment is to |
Provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group |
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A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that |
Two versions of the experiment are conducted, one differing from a the other by a single variable. |
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A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that |
Two versions of the experiment are conducted, one differing from a the other by a single variable. |
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Basic science discoveries often lead to the development of technology, and the development of technology often leads to a new scientific discoveries. Which of the following is not an accurate pairing of a technology and a discovery? |
Invention of the microscope and creating of evolutionary trees. |
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Which of the following statements is not an example of evolution that has resulted from human activity? |
Because of hunting, organisms such as bears and wolves are fewer in number. |
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Which of the following statements is an accurate evaluation of the students remark? |
The student is incorrect because all of the crystals reproduce the same kind of crystals with no variation to provide adaptation, so the ocean water is not alive. |
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"Plants eat sunlight, and animals eat other organisms." Which of the following responses to the students comment is most accurate? |
Plants don't eat sunlight, they use it to make sugars. |
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Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false? |
Energy cycles from organisms through the atmosphere and back to the organisms. |
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If the creators of the robot wanted to provide evidence that is alive, which of the following properties would be best to use as evidence? |
The robot just be bathed in liquid medium to provide nutrition for its cells |
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Which of these sequences is not a correct pathway of energy through an ecosystem? |
Bacteria>plants>birds |
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Which level in the hierarchy shown is a community? |
Level C |
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Which of the following organisms belongs to the group represented in box 1? |
Tree |
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The box numbered 2 represents which of the following? |
The cycling of energy |
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Front (Term) |
Darker moths were more likely to survive and have more offspring over time. |
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Which of these models is best studied through a systems approach? |
Back (Definition) |
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Which of these models is best studied through a systems approach? |
Back (Definition) |
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Which was the experimental group? |
Group A only |
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To have confidence that the results of the experiment were valid, you'd also want to know |
Whether any volunteers had colds at the start of the experiment |
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All of the cardiac cells working together can cause the robot leg to move in a way that individual cells could not. This is an example of |
Emergent properties of cells |
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In the equation 2 H2 + O2 > 2h2o |
Only H2O is a compound |
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Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt? |
Iodine |
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In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help |
Reduce tooth decay |
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Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? |
Protons and neutrons |
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Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in a he same way that |
Insects fly around a bright lamp at night. |
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What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons? |
12 |
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An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have? |
5 |
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Which of the following is another term used for atomic mass? |
Dalton |
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The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium? |
23 |
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Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom? |
The number of protons in the atom |
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The robots cardiac cells, working together in synchrony, could he could be considered at what keep in life's hierarchy of organization? |
Tissue |
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Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could |
Have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom |
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This study was focused on which level of life's hierarchy? |
Ecosystem |
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Which of the following best describes the data that the scientists should collect and how they should be compared? |
Comparison of soil properties and species of plants present in the contoured area with the never roared area and of the abandoned area with the never roared area. |
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In this experiment, the area that had never had a road is useful to the experiment because |
The area never roaded serves as a control for the experimental variables of recontoured and abandoned |
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"These findings support the prediction that recontouring accelerates the rehabilitation of key ecohydrologica properties toward reference dynamics." What does this mean? |
Recontouring allows the water properties of the system to return to normal faster. |
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The four most common elements in living organisms are |
C, H, O, N |
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Which of the following is a trace element in the human body? |
Zinc |
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Which of the following statements regarding matter is false? |
All matter exists in the form of compounds |
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Which of the following statements best describes a compound? |
A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio |
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A radioactive isotope is an isotope that |
Decays |
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Medicines are often administrated in pill form. In many cases, the active ingredient of the pill is joined to another substance by ______. This form is a ______, which is stable in the dry environment of a pill bottle but dissociates under the wet conditions of the digestive system to release the drug to the body. |
Ionic bonds; salt |
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What is the fundamental different between covalent and ionic bonding? |
In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons, in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other. |
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Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true? |
Oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms |
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In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a _____ bond. |
Polar covalent |
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A single water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by |
Two polar covalent bonds. |
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The hydrogen atoms of a water are bonded to the oxygen atom by ____ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by ____ bonds. |
Polar covalent; hydrogen |
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_____ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules. |
Hydrogen bonds |
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Water molecules stick to other water molecules because |
Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecules and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules |
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Which of the following statements regarding chemical reactions is false? |
Some chemical reactions create electrons, others destroy them. |
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In the equation 2 H2 + O2 > 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are _____ and the H2O molecules are _____. |
Reactants; products |
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If you found a fossilized dinosaur bone, what could be done to determine the age and to the fossil? |
Analyze the isotopes of carbon in the fossil |
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In plants, the process of photosynthesis produced glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true? |
Idk yet |
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The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as |
Cohesion |
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Waters surface tensions with n and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its |
Hydrogen bonds |
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The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon? |
Fewer hydrogen bonds form between alcohol molecules. As a result, less heat is needed for alcohol molecules to break away from solution and enters the air. |
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Which of the following statements about radioactive isotopes is true? |
The energy emitted by radioactive isotopes can break chemical bonds and cause molecular damage in cells |
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Radioactive isotopes |
Can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose diseases. |
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When full, the innermost shell of argon contains ______ electrons, and the outermost shell contains ______ electons |
2;8 |
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What happens to an atom if the electrons in the outer shell are altered? |
The properties of the atom change. |
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A _______ forms when two atoms share electrons |
Covalent bond |
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A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form? |
One |
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Table salt is formed when |
Sodium donates it's single outer electron to chlorine |
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Which of the following statements provides the most logical chemical explanation of calciums ability to perform such different functions? |
The bone contains calcium salts, which are less reactive than the calcium ions found in the blood. |
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As ice melts, |
Hydrogen bonds are broken |
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Which of the following statements about water is false? |
Idk yet |
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You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of hot water. Which of the following statements is true? |
You've just prepared an aqueous solution |
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Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water? |
Idk yet |
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Clots in our blood can lead to a heat attack or stroke by blocking blood flow. If a clot were made up my of a mass of proteins, what changed in the proteins to cause them to form the clot? |
The proteins were no longer soluble in the blood |
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A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find |
H2O molecules, H+ ions, and OH- ions |
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A solution with a pH of 7 is |
Neutral |
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Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is |
100 times more acidic |
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Which of the following statements about pH is true? |
An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units |
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What combination of these fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature? |
Idk yet |
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Which of the following features is not present in a molecule of caffeine? |
A carboxyl group |
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Which of the following is most abundant by weight in one cup of whole milk? |
Idk yet |
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Which hypothesis is most likely to be productive for their initial investigation? |
The three dimensional structure of the proteins may have been altered |
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Based on your understanding of enzyme structure, which of the following would you recommend that they also investigate? |
The temperature of the liquid in the washing vat |
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Which of the following experiments would be best for testing the hypothesis that the enzymes did not perform as expected because the temperature was too high? |
Produce one batch of blue jeans at a high temperature without the enzyme and another batch of blue jeans at a low temperature with the enzyme and then compare how the lightness of the blue jeans varies between batches. |
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If you could design a modified version of the enzyme to ensure that it would function optimally in the harsh conditions of the washing vat, which of the following could you do to achieve this goal? |
Idk |
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After eating a yummy cake, what molecule do you expect to be most abundant in your digestive system? |
Monosaccharides |
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After eating a yummy cake, which of the following metabolic processes is likely occurring at the fastest rate? |
Hydrolysis of glycogen |
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The pH of the stomach is extremely acidic. If you ate a yummy cake, what do you think would happen to the protein that you ingested as it passes through the stomach? |
The protein would get broken down via dehydration reactions. |
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What types of bonding interactions will occur between molecules of ammonia and water in a bottle of household ammonia? |
Idk |
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What change is occurring in this figure? |
Chlorine is filling its third electron shell |
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The figure below shows five water molecules. The hydrogen bonds shown in this figure are each |
Between an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules |
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The figure below shows five water molecules. The hydrogen bonds shown in this figure are each |
Between an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules |
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What type of bond is the arrow pointing to? |
A polar covalent bond |
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At which point on the graph is the ocean pH the lowest? |
C |
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At which point on the graph is the ocean pH the lowest? |
C |
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If you could check the pH of the recommended tablets, you would expect it to be |
Higher than 7 |
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If you were able to chemically analyze your stomach fluids 30 minutes after taking two tablets, you would find |
Fewer hydrogen ions |
|
number |
115 |
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Household ammonia has a pH of 12, household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following statements about these substances is true? |
The ammonia has 10 times as many H+ ions as the bleach |
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Number |
116 |
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Number |
117 |
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What is the atomic difference between uranium 235 and uranium 238 |
Uranium 235 has three fewer neutrons than uranium 238 |
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If the atomic mass of uranium is 92, how many neutrons does an atom of uranium 235 have in its nucleus? |
143 |
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Number |
120 |
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Lactose intolerance is the inability to |
Digest lactose |
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Lactose intoleranxr |
Does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy and rice |
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Organic xompounds |
Always contain carbon |
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Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? |
Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms |
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Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? |
Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds |
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A buffer |
Donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic |
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Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have |
The same molecular formula but different chemical properties |
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A hydroxyl group is |
Characteristics of alcohols |
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Which of the following is a carbonyl group? |
-COOH |
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Which of the following is an amino group? |
-NH2 |
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Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false? |
All functional groups include a carbon atom |
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Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? |
Amino acid |
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Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression? |
-CH3 |
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Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? |
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. |
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Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? |
Animals digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. |
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The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by |
Hydrolyaia |
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A diabetic who does not utilize insulin properly will metabolize fats instead of glucose. A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat metabolism causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less. What has happened today the blood pH and why? |
The pH is below normal because the buffering capacity was exceeded |
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What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? |
To speed up chemical reactions |
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The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represent a multiple of |
CH2O |
|
Man |
Polysaccharide |
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Many names for sugars end in the suffix |
-ose |
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Sucrose is formed |
From two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis |
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A disaccharide forms when |
Two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis |
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High fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called |
Starch |
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Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? |
Cellulose, starch, and glycogen |
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Cellulose differs from starch in that |
Most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. |
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Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from |
Plants |
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Which of the following hypothesis would be supported if liquid water were found on Mars and contained evidence of bacteria like organisms? |
The chemical evolution of life is possible |
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Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because |
Their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms |
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The storage form of carbohydrates is ___ in animals and ____ in plants. |
Glycogen, cellulose |
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Which of the following organisms contain polysaccharide chitin? |
Fungi and insects |
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An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by |
Adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in molecules |
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A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because |
Most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fats. |
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What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic? |
Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains |
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Fatty acids are |
Hydrophobic |
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Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? |
Triglycerides are hydrophilic |
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Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be |
Unsaturated |
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The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in |
Saturated fats |
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Silicon is an element that is found directly underneath carbon in the periodic table. How many electrons are in the valence shell of a silicon atom? |
4 |
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If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that |
Is liquid at room temperature |
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Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false? |
Many like its function as enzymes |
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A phospholipid is composed of |
One glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids |
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Which of the following substances is made of lipids? |
Steroids |
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A major type of lipid found in cell membrane is |
Phospholipids |
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Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false? |
They promote bone growth |
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Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by |
The chemical properties of their R groups |
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Proteins differ from one another because |
The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein |
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Glucose molecules are to starch as____ are to proteins |
Amino acids |
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Peptide bonds |
Link amino acids |
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Rank the strength of the bonding interactions taking place in each situation, from the weakest bonds to the strongest bonds. |
2>1>3 |
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Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? |
They are monomers used to build proteins |
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Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? |
An enzyme |
|
Structural proteins |
Are found in hair and tendons |
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A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis? |
The hair produced by humans living in the ecosystems. |
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Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured? |
The number of amino acids in the proteins |
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Proteins cannot be denatured by |
Freezing |
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The primary structure of a protein is |
The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain |
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Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein? |
An alpha helix |
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The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to |
The overall three dimensional structure |
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A protein containing more than one polypeptide chair exhibits the ___ level of protein structure |
Quaternary |
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In ocean acidification, dissolving CO2 gas _____ the pH of the ocean. |
Lowers |
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Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ______ and _______ are to protein. |
Structure; function |
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How are genes used by cells to build proteins? |
The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein. |
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Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false? |
Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases. |
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Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer? |
DNA, nucleotides |
|
DNA differs from RNA because DNA |
Contains thymine in place of uracil |
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The researchers in your company determine that the wonder food contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food |
Does not include proteins or nucleic acids |
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In what part of the world did the mutation for lactose tolerance first appear? |
Northern Europe |
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Why did lactose tolerance mutation in the East African herders spread so rapidly within the population? |
It was a selective advantage for survival during droughts and cold winters |
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If you ate 100% plant based diet, what molecule would you never eat? |
Cholesterol |
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Do you think that the mutant lysozyme will function similarly to the normal lysozyme? |
Yes, because both lysine and arginine are positively charged so the tertiary structure and therefore function should be similar |
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These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them? |
The location of a double bonded oxygen atom |
|
How are these two amino acids attached together? |
Amino group to carboxylic acid group |
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What combination of these fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature? |
Idk yet |
|
Which of the following features is not present in a molecule of caffeine? |
A carboxyl group |
|
Which of the following is most abundant by weight in one cup of whole milk? |
Idk yet |
|
Which of the following foods would be least likely to contribute to the development of coronary heart disease? |
Fish oil |
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What would you predict would happen if you dropped the phospholipids into the current of vegetable oil? |
The phospholipids would form a sphere with the heads on the inside. |
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What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG? |
AGCTACC |
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Myosin contains what levels of protein structure? |
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary |
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These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them? |
The location of a double bonded oxygen atom |
|
How are these two amino acids attached together? |
Amino group to carboxylic acid group |
|
Using this information, what is the correct equation for the glycolysis chemical reaction? |
C6H12O6>C3H4O3+H+ |