Bio Test 4

Front 1

True or false meiosis forms gametes

Back 1

True

Front 2

During meiosis 1 2n cell gives rise to

Back 2

Four 1n cells

Front 3

True or false The Synaptonemal complex consists of homologous chromosomes

Back 3

true

Front 4

During cytokinesis, what forms in the plant cell?

Back 4

cell plate

Front 5

True or false nerve cells never divide and are in a G0 state.

Back 5

true

Front 6

which of the following does not contribute to the control of the cell cycle

Back 6

nucleolus

Front 7

what contributes to the control of the cell cycle

Back 7

MPF (maturation-promotion factor)

Cyclins

Epidermal Growth Factor

Cyclin dependent kinases

Front 8

True or false In prophase II of meiosis, the cell is haploid

Back 8

true

Front 9

what happens during the mitotic prophase

Back 9

the nuclear membrane disappears

spindle fibers appear

dna chromosomes become visible

Front 10

what does not occur during mitotic prophase

Back 10

the sister chromatids separate

Front 11

True or false cells that grow in a petri dish usually stop growing after forming a single layer?

What happens if it keeps growing

Back 11

true

cancer

Front 12

which of the following is NOT true about the reproduction of bacteria

Bacteria divide by binary fission

bacteria divide asexually

bacteria divide by forming gametes

Back 12

bacteria divide by forming gametes

Front 13

true or false interphase is a part of mitosis

Back 13

false

Front 14

true or false dna replication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II

Back 14

false

Front 15

Name the cellular structure that organizes the spindle fibers in all eukaryotic cells

Back 15

centrosomes

Front 16

Fruit flies have 4 chromosomes i.e. 1n=4. If 1 of the 4 chromosomes is a sex chromosome, how many autosomes would you find in a somatic fruit fly cell

Back 16

6

Front 17

which of the following is a diploid (2n) cell

gamete

sperm cell

egg cell

liver cell

Back 17

liver cell

Front 18

Mystery organism z has 42 chromosomes in its liver cells. How many chromosomes did it receive from each parent

Back 18

21

Front 19

true or false the nuclear envelope begins to form in telophase

Back 19

true

Front 20

true or false karyotype is a display of chromosomes from a cell arrested in metaphase

Back 20

true

Front 21

true or false an allele is an alternate version of a gene

Back 21

true

Front 22

in a pedigree chart, if a trait is expressed in each generation of a family, the trait is more likely

Back 22

dominant

Front 23

true or false during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up in pairs in 1 or 2 arrangements. 1 chromosome will segregate independently of another chromosome

Back 23

true

Front 24

true or false Mendel's law of independent assortment states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other during gamete formation

Back 24

true

Front 25

A cat with no tail is crossed with a cat with a long tail. All the progeny cats have the phenotype of short tails. What type of inheritance is this phenomenon an example of

Back 25

incomplete dominance

Front 26

Purple hair (BB) is dominant over blue hair (bb) to test if a purple haired mouse is homozygous or heterozygous dominant, one would cross the purple haired mouse with the mouse with the genotype

Back 26

bb

Front 27

five genes contribute to one phenotype this is an example of a

Back 27

polygenic trait

Front 28

true or false in Mendel's garden, the green peas were dominant over the yellow peas

Back 28

false

Front 29

true or false In a trihybrid cross, 3 phenotypes or genes are involved

Back 29

true

Front 30

which human genetic disorder persists in certain populations because the heterozygote condition provides protection against an infectious disease

Back 30

sickle cell anemia

Front 31

true or false in this chapter, true (pure) bred plants were identical for genetic traits that were studied

Back 31

true

Front 32

true or false expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios are always the same

Back 32

false

Front 33

Rooster with gray feathers is mated with a hen with gray feathers. They have 15 gray chicks, 7 black chicks and 8 white chicks this is an example of

Back 33

incomplete dominance

Front 34

in humans, the heterogametic sex is

Back 34

male

Front 35

who discovered linked genes

Back 35

morgan

Front 36

true or false genes found on the y chromosome are considered y linked

Back 36

true

Front 37

the particular location of a gene on a chromosome is called

Back 37

locus

Front 38

true or false genes on the barr body are normally never expressed

Back 38

true

Front 39

an example of autosomal aneuploidy

Back 39

edward's syndrome

Front 40

true or false red/green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait

Back 40

true

Front 41

how many barr bodies does an individual with turner's syndrome have in their somatic cells

Back 41

0

Front 42

true or false men are hemizygous for genes found on the x chromosome

Back 42

true

Front 43

Sperm and egg cells are

Back 43

gametes cells

Front 44

Examples of haploid cells

Back 44

Gametes

Front 45

These cells are 1n

Back 45

Haploid

Front 46

Fertilization is from

Back 46

2 1n cells to one 2n cell

Front 47

These cells are 2N

Back 47

Diploid

Front 48

Division of cytoplasm

Back 48

Cytokinesis

Front 49

One 2n cell to two 2n cells

Back 49

Mitosis

Front 50

One 2n cell to four 1n cells

Back 50

Meiosis gamete production

Front 51

Involves no gametes and unicellular organisms

Back 51

Asexual reproduction

Front 52

Binary fission is

Back 52

Asexual

Front 53

Bacterial reproduction is called

Back 53

Binary fission

Front 54

DNA comprising all genetic info

Back 54

Genome

Front 55

Composed of DNA and protein and found during interphase relaxed

Back 55

Chromatin

Front 56

Are the structures of DNA

Back 56

Chromosomes

Front 57

Gives view of mitosis during metaphase and displays all 23 chromosomes

Back 57

Karyotype

Front 58

Mitosis is the reproduction used for

Back 58

Yeast

Amoeba

Paramecium

Front 59

Purposes of mitosis

Back 59

Reproduction (single-celled organisms), growth and development, tissue renewal

Front 60

A duplicated chromosome has how many sister chromatids

Back 60

2

Front 61

Creation of sister chromatids occurs during when

Back 61

Interphase

Front 62

Cell cycle phases

Back 62

Interphase

G1 phase/G0 phase (resting nondividing)

S subphase

G2 subphase

Mitotic (M) phase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Front 63

What happens during prophase

Back 63

Chromosomes condense

two sister chromatids

nuclear membrane disappears centrosomes move to poles

spindle fibers and Aster form organizes spindle molecules (not in plants)

Front 64

What happens in prometaphase

Back 64

Kinetochore microtubules

Kinetochore binds to centromeresKinetochore microtubulesAsters at polesNuclear envelope disappears

Asters at poles

Nuclear envelope disappears

Front 65

What happens at metaphase

Back 65

Metaphase plate

sister chromatids line up

Front 66

Protein on the centromere that binds microtubules

Back 66

Kinetochore

Front 67

Go from pole to pole and to kinechore

Back 67

Spindle fibers (microtubules)

Front 68

What happens in anaphase

Back 68

Separate (allows sister chromatids to part)

Daughter chromosomes are pulled apart sister to daughter depolymerize microtubules by kinetochore shorten the spindles

Front 69

Kinetochore depolymerizes

Back 69

Microtubule

Front 70

What happens in telophase

Back 70

Cleavage furrow forms (plant cell plate)

nuclear envelope forms

nucleolus forms

relaxing chromosomes

Front 71

What ends mitotic phase

Back 71

Cytokinesis

Front 72

An animal cell cytokinesis what is form

Back 72

Microfilament ring or cleavage furrow

Front 73

In plant cells cytokinesis what is form

Back 73

Cell plate

Front 74

G0 cells are stuck in

Back 74

G1 phase

Front 75

Cells that never divide

Back 75

Nerve cells

Front 76

Cell either stay in blank or enter blank

Back 76

G0 phase or enter S phase

Front 77

One cell enters G2 checkpoint the cell is ready for

Back 77

Mitosis

Front 78

Cycling are

Back 78

Proteins

Front 79

MPF is what plus what

Back 79

Cyclin plus cdk

Front 80

Growth factors do what

Back 80

Stimulates cell division and bind to receptors

Front 81

Cancer that remains in tumor

Back 81

Benign tumor

Front 82

Cancer that can spread

Back 82

Malignant tumor

Front 83

Cancer that has spread

Back 83

Metastasize

Front 84

Cells become cancerous and immortal

Back 84

Transformation

Front 85

The cell cycle includes

Back 85

Mitosis

Front 86

Haploid cells are made in

Back 86

Meiosis

Front 87

Humans have how many chromosomes

Back 87

46 (2n) 44 Autosome and 2 sex

Front 88

What happens in meiosis 1

Back 88

Separation of homologous chromosomes

Front 89

Point of crossing over

Back 89

Chiasmata

Front 90

What happens at meiosis 2

Back 90

Separation of sister chromatids

Front 91

What forms after meiosis 2

Back 91

Four haploid daughter cells (gametes)

Front 92

When does DNA replication occur during meiosis

Back 92

Occurs during interphase before meiosis 1 but not meiosis 2

Front 93

When does the Nexus of homologous chromosomes occur during meiosis

Back 93

Occurs during prophase 1 along with crossing over between nonsister chromatids resulting chiasmata hold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion

Front 94

2 chromosomes have how many combinations

Back 94

4

Front 95

Independent assortment of chromosomes comes from

Back 95

Maternal and paternal

Front 96

How many possible combinations of maternal and paternal curse of chromosomes are there

Back 96

2 to the 23rd power equals 8.4 million

Front 97

Crossing over at multiple sites is

Back 97

Homologous recombination

Front 98

Three types of genetic variation

Back 98

Independent assortment of chromosomes random fertilization and crossing over

Front 99

, crossing over results in

Back 99

Recombination event (chromosome)

Front 100

When are sister chromatids pulled apart

Back 100

Anaphase 2

Front 101

Occurs in prophase 1

Back 101

Crossing over (chiasmata)

Front 102

Have identical genetic info

Back 102

Homologous chromosomes

Front 103

Cross of plants occurred with

Back 103

True (pure) breeding

Front 104

Shows All possible combinations of egg and sperm

Back 104

Monohybrid cross

Front 105

Have 2 alleles of a gene

Back 105

Diploid

Front 106

Segregate only one allele to a gamete

Back 106

Diploid

Front 107

Have frequency for a alleles

Back 107

Gametes

Front 108

Alleles join after

Back 108

Fertilization

Front 109

Is the location of gene

Back 109

Locus

Front 110

Genes are linked in

Back 110

Dependent assortment

Front 111

Genes are not Linked In

Back 111

Independent assortment

Front 112

Heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between phenotypes of homozygous

Back 112

Incomplete dominance

Front 113

Both phenotypes expressed and heterozygous there are multiple alleles

Back 113

Codominance

Front 114

Phenotype of one gene affects that of another Gene

Back 114

Epistasis

Front 115

One gene has multiple phenotypes (synptoms)

Back 115

Pleiotropic

Front 116

Sickle cell anemia is an example of

Back 116

Pleiotropic

Front 117

Is a protein in red blood cells

Back 117

Globin

Front 118

Single phenotype affected by two or more genes

Back 118

Polygenic

Front 119

Phenotype is determined by genes and environment are called

Back 119

Multifactorial traits

Front 120

Environmental factors that affect gene expression

Back 120

Fur color smoking UV light

Front 121

Heterozygous phenotype same as that of homozygous dominant

Back 121

Complete dominance of one allele

Front 122

One gene affects multiple phenotypic characters

Back 122

Pleiotropy

Front 123

Hemizygous refers to

Back 123

XY combination

Front 124

How many bases does X & Y have

Back 124

X has 164 million bases y has 59 million bases

Front 125

A chromosome is

Back 125

Condensed DNA

Front 126

Sex determination is always

Back 126

50% chance of male or female

Front 127

People get their mitochondrial DNA from

Back 127

Their mother

Front 128

Egg contains

Back 128

Mitochondria or mdna

Front 129

All mitochondrial DNA is inherited from

Back 129

Mother

Front 130

Gene's on x or y chromosome are

Back 130

Sex linked

Front 131

Types of inheritance of sex-linked genes

Back 131

Red-green color blindness hemophilia duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front 132

A Barr body is a

Back 132

An X chromosome that is condensed and is inactivated shows no gene expression

Front 133

The closer genes are the less frequent

Back 133

Recombination occurs

Front 134

Turner syndrome involves

Back 134

Only 1X there's no Barr body

Front 135

Trisomy X involves

Back 135

3xs

Front 136

xyy involves making a person

Back 136

Taller

Front 137

Klinefelter syndrome involves

Back 137

A male having 2 xs an inactive x sterile

Front 138

Can lead to disease

Back 138

Philadelphia chromosome

Front 139

Abnormal number of chromosomes are called

Back 139

Aneuploidy

Front 140

Are all cells in your body except gamete cells

Back 140

Somatic

Front 141

Sister chromatids are

Back 141

Duplicated/replicated chromosomes