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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
extracellular matrix
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in animals tissues
material of hetero comp surrounding cells --- many func including adhesion of cells--- high carbs communication from proteins to matrix b/c cytoskeleton |
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phagocytosis
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wayz to get in/out of cell other than diffusion
cell eating take klarge food particles into vacuoles how single cell (amoeba) gets food |
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wayz to get in/out of cell other than diffusion
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phagocytosis
pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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pinocytosis
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wayz to get in/out of cell other than diffusion
cellular drinking in aq solution vesicle |
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receptor-mediated endocytosis
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wayz to get in/out of cell other than diffusion
receptor protein cell has coat protein absorbs molecules and -->es vesicle endocytosis sstarted by macromolecular binding to a specific membrane protein invagintation of plsma membrane into cell |
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cell communicates how?
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tight junctions
desmosome gap junction |
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cell communicates: tight junction
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form of cell communication
belt, prevents slipping b/t cell membranes animal cell hold adjacent cells together --> organ/elle, junction NO GAP junc b/t epithelial cells MUSCLE WHITE WEB |
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desmosome
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big protein component on either side
animal cells kertain fiber allows transport connects cells, communication in gap |
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gap junction
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protein hydrophil lchannels
allows easy transport closeness of channels ->es increased ability transport 2 animal cells allows chem subs/elec sigs pass cell to cell |
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bond energies used for ?
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estimate E changes
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kinetic/potential E
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energy of motion
stored E |
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kinds of E
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all used in living systems
radiant- emitted in rays, inversely proportional to wavelength longer wavelength < E than shorter wavelength chemical - breaking bonds -> E mechanical - bending, muscle contractions electrical - atomic- not directly used by living sys |
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exergonic reaction
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energy flow
-> freeE cell resp catabolism |
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endergonic rxn
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energy flow
consumes free E --active transport --cell movements --anabolism |
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structure ATP
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3 Pi groups, ribose, adenine
*3 Pi groups -> ATP can dontae E to chem group when Pi hydrolyzed - Pi's --> unstable, (tend to resonate when individs) * resonance inhibition - resonce moles = > stable, double bonds ex benzine less resonance < stable ATP changes to Pi, can't resonate, allows to break apart and form E ATP -> ADP + Pi + 8 kcal ADP -> AMP + Pi + 4kcal AMP -> AM + Pi + 2kcal therefore, more Pi on mol's = > E BUT 4 or 5 Pi -> unstable |
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resonance inhibition
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in energy flow structure of ATP
resonce moles = > stable, double bonds ex benzine less resonance < stable |
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1st law thermodynamics
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can change one form E to another
entropy increases free E decreases E not -->ed/destroyed * E CONSTANT* |
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2nd law thermo
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universe = entropy increases
we constantly have need for E |
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changes in Gibbs free E
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usable E in system
change G - --> change is spontaneous, don't put E in change G + --> not spontaneous,need put E in change G 0 --> equilib change G prime - stand free E, change under stand conditions predict if rxns are favorable |
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metabolism
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all biochem rxns in cell
100s to 1000s unity b/c metabolic pathways |
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catabolism
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breaking things down
degradative --macromols --> monosacs, a. acids, glycerol, f. acids oxidative - degraded mol's lose E |
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anabolism
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building up, putting together
synthetic reductive - reduced mol's used, E required monosacs, a. acids, f. acids, glycerol --> macromols |
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3 major biological processes for ATP formation
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1. substrate level phosphorylation
2. oxidative phosphorylation 3. photosynthetic phosphorylation |
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major biological processes for ATP formation: photosynthetic phosphorylation
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ATP mae in cholorplast of plants using E of sunlight
cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation |
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major biological processes for ATP formation: oxidative phosphorylation
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ATP made in mitochon w/ O
as reduced mol's are oxidized electron transport systems transport e-s |
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major biological processes for ATP formation: substrate level phosphorylation
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ATP directly made when substarte converted to a product
glycolysis making ATP on spot |
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oxidation
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removal of elecs
addition O removal H burning takes away E from mol's ex wood --> ashe |
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reduction
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addition electrons
additon hydrogen removal oxygen puts E into mol's |
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electrons OR rxns
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Ae + B -> A + Be
e donor e acceptor e removed (oxi) e added to B (reduced) * -> >er E than before |
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OR Rns: O
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A + BO2 --> AO2 + B
oxidized reduc o +ed -----------------------------O remov |
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____ central metabolic activity found in all living organisms;
what is its purpose? |
Kreb Cycle
-->tion ATP |
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Energy
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capacity to do work
CHANGE E for biosystems |
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What is Gibbs Free Energy?
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the E in system that can do work
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resonance gives ___ to molecules
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stability
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