Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Defining characteristic(s) of plants |
- cell walls made of cellulose - sessile (don't move) - alteration of generations |
3 points |
|
Name the two main phases of plant's life cylce |
- Diploid phase - Haploid phase |
Alteration of generations |
|
What do the diploid and haploid phases of a plant produce and how |
Diploid - sporophytes, meiosis Haploid - gametophytes, mitosis |
Spores and gametes |
|
Plants were the first organisms to inhabit land, T or F |
F - protists, bacteria, and fungi |
|
|
What are charophytes thought to be |
The ancestors of modern plants |
|
|
First land plants were: |
- small, close to the ground and eachother - poikilohydric (drought tolerators) - non-vascular ([em]bryophytes) - mosses and lichen - Haploid dominant - homosporous (one spore type) - seedless |
7 points |
|
Order of plant generations |
[Em]Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms |
|
|
Bryophyte Major Characteristics |
- need water for fertilization - have cuticle and stomata - non-vascular - gametophyte dominant (Haploid) - homosporous ( one spore type) |
5 points |
|
In bryophytes gametangium that produce ____ are called ___: |
- eggs, arcegonia - sperm, antheridia |
Gametangium are a protective organ for gametophytes 2 answers |
|
Briefly summarise a bryophyte's life cycle |
Spores released -> germinate and grow into male and female gametophytes -> egg and sperm meet through water -> fertilized egg develops into a zygote then sporophyte |
Start at spores |
|
Seedlees Vascular Major Characteristics |
- Sporophyte dominant - vascular - water required for fertilization - cuticle and stomata yes |
4 points |
|
Gymnosperm Major Characteristics |
- vascular - naked seeds - sporophyte dominant - pollination - cuticle and stomata |
5 points |
|
Angiosperm Major Characteristics |
- cuticle and stomata - vascular - sporophyte dominant - pollination - flowers, seeds, and fruits |
5 points |
|
What is the difference between sorus and strobilus |
Sorus (sing. -i) - cluster of sporangia, homosporous Strobilus - a structure of individual sporangia, heterosporus |
|
|
Conifers are ____ |
Gymnosperms |
Cyads and ginkgoes are too |
|
What are the four major reproductive adaptations in gymnosperms |
Ovules (pre-seed) Pollen (sperm) Seeds (fertilized ovule) Cones (house ovules and pollen) |
|
|
Basic parts of a seeds |
- embryo sporophyte - surrounding nourishing tissues - tough protective coat |
3 parts |
|
Angiosperms are separated into two major groups called |
Monocots and eudicots |
|
|
Monocots |
- Embryos have a single leaf like structure called a cotyledon - first leaf stays at bottom - three floral parts - leave veins parallel - vascular bundles distributed through tissue - fibrous branching roots |
|
|
Eudicots |
- Embryos have 2 cotyledons - first leave grows up - four or five floral parts - leaf veins net like - vascular bundles organized as a ring - main tap roots smaller lateral roots |
True dicots |
|
Meristems |
Growth patches at ends of plant Primary and lateral Responsible for height and girth |
|
|
3 herbaceous flowering plant types |
Annuals - life cycles completed in one growing season Biennials - complete her life cycle in two growing seasons ( roots, stems, leaves first year| flower, seeds, die second year) Perennials - vegetative and reproductive growth continue year after year |
|
|
parenchyma |
Make up roots stems leaves flowers and fruits Water permeable Water permeable Water permeable |
Soft primary tissues |
|
Sclerenchyma |
Additional mechanical support Protection Pits Can die and leave structure |
Rigid support and protection |
|
Xylem |
Transports minerals and water upward |
|
|
Three types of plant tissue |
Ground tissue Vascular tissue Dermal tissue |
|
|
Phloem |
Transports sugars and other solutes throughout the plant |
|
|
Stems |
Adapted to provide support, routes for vascular tissues, storage, and new growth |
|
|
Taproot |
Thicc Have smaller lateral roots Youngest near tips Storage optimization |
|
|
Fibrous root |
Dense network Absorb water and nutrients from upper layer Hold soil together |
|
|
Adventious roots |
Grow from weird places like stems or leaves |
|
|
Secondary growth |
Bark or something Can happen in roots |
|
|
Hormone |
A hormone is a signaling molecule that regulates or helps coordinate some aspect of growth, metabolism, or development |
|
|
Auxins |
- synthesized in atypical meristems - growing tissues vascular tissues affected - growth of lateral roots dormancy in buds, fruit development, plant to light |
Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects |
|
Gibberellins |
- roots and shoot tips, young leaves in developing embryos - tissues affected stems and developing seeds - cell division in Stems, germination |
Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects |
|
Cytokinins |
- root tips - shoot a typical meristems leaves and buds - cell division, inhibit senescence of leaves, coordinate growth of Roots & Shoots with auxin |
Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects |
|
Abscisic acid |
- young seeds, shoots and leaves - shoots and tips, embryos, leaves - cell division, differentiation of vascular tissue, stomata control |
Form: Where is synthesized tissues affected Effects |
|
Ethylene |
- shoot tips, roots, Leaf nodes, flowers and fruits - seeds, buds, seedlings, mature leaves, flowers, fruits - cell division in seedling stems, mature plants absession, flowers in fruits |
Form:Where is synthesized tissues affectedEffects |
|
Perfect flower |
It has the stamen in the pistil in the same flower |
|
|
imperfect flower |
Male sex organs or female sex organs not both |
|
|
complete flower |
Contains all four modified leaves ( sepals, pedals, stamens, pistils) |
|