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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ingestive heterotrophs
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require energy/nutrients from other things
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systems required by ingestive heterotrophs to capture food
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motility
sensory organs neural coordination skeletal support neural/muscular response systems |
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digestive system
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mouth & internal digestive system used to absorb nutrients from food
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circulatory system
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transport nutrients from food to body cells
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excretory system
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removes wastes from the body
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hormonal system
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coordinates growth, response, reproduction, and digestive secretions
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poriferans
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(sponges)
-intermediate stage in evolution of animals; lack most systems -differ from protists in having specialized cell types cooperating in a multicellular body |
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cnidarians
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(sea anemones,corals,jellyfish)
simple animals with 2 fundamental tissue layers, gastrodermal cavity (single opening), radial symmetry, simple network of nerves and contractile fibers many have stinging cells that can be injected into animals |
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gastrodermal cavity
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one opening
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polyps & medusas
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polyps- sessile cnidarians
medusas- mobile cnidarians |
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characteristics of most animals
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3 tissue layers : ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
bilaterally symmetrical show cephalization develop body cavity (coelom) lined with mesoderm |
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hydrostatic skeleton
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how most soft-bodied animals like earthworms move
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cambrian period
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animals began to develop hard skeletons or shells for protection and support of muscular activity
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arthropods
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(crustaceans,arachnids,and insects)
jointed exoskeletons that molt as the animal grows insects & arachnids evolved to the terrestrial environment |
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spiracles and trachea
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respiratory system of insects
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book lungs
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respiratory system of spiders
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wings (insects)
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provide mobility and an advantage in seeking food
dispersal and mating defense |
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silk glands
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spiders
related to food acquisition also used for dispersal and defense |
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mandibles
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crustaceans and insects
may be highly modified in insects adapted for special modes of feeding (moths/butterflies) |
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chelicerae
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spiders and other chelicerates like scorpions
used for feeding |
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Mollusks
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(clams, chitons, snails, octopi, squid)
shells made of calcium carbonate. grow as animals do from secretions from the mantle have a single foot cephalapods! foot divided into tentacles have great mobility,large eyes,intelligence from evolving as predators |
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echinoderms
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(sea stars, sea urchins, sea sligs)
deuterostomes share a common ancestry with chordates separate from arthropods, mollusks, and annelid worms nearly radially symmetrical, complex dermal system (gills, spines, pedicellarae, water vascular system, tube feet) early echinoderms like crinoids were sessile filter feeders endoskeleton |
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pedicellarae
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echinoderm spikes on skin
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chordates
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(lancelets, vertebrates)
notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, postanal tail, basket-like pharynx |
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tunicates
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specialized sessile chordates with enlarged pharyngeal baskets
only the motile larvae have the notochord and postanal tail |
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vertebrates
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chordates with a spinal column and internal skeleton of distinct bones
no notochord |
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aquatic vertebrates
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two pairs of fins, jaws, placoid scales and teeth, lateral line organs, lungs->swim bladders
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terrestrial vertebrates
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(tetrapods)
evolved legs, improved lungs, and eventually amniotic eggs |
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amniotic egg
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amnion surrounding the embryo
yolk=main source of nutrients allantois-disposal sac adapted for land |
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birds
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evolved from warm-blooded dinosaurs
feathers before wings lightweight skeleton and modified lungs which facilitated flying |
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mammals
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descended from early amniotes
evolved mammary glands, body hair, versatile teeth, a muscular diaphragm, and internal gestation |
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primates
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evolved primarily in an arboreal habitat, accounting for the flexibility of their limbs, binocular color vision, and high intelligence
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humans
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evolved from primates that moved into grasslands
greater intelligence and social interaction required for survival in grasslands hands freed up by the evolution of bipedal locomotion, leading to the use of tools and the development of technology |
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homonins
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developed upright posture, an s-shaped spine, and bipedal locomotion
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homo erectus
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extremely successful species with many characteristics associated with modern humans
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homo neanderthalensis
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more like us than previously thought; may have been a subspecies of race of our own species
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