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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heredity |
The passing of traits from generation to generation |
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity |
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Monohybrid Cross |
When you study only one characteristic (like a flower color) |
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Allele |
Different alternate versions of genes |
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Homozygous V.S. Heterozygous |
When it's expression the same two alleles (Dominant or Recessive) or the other is recessive and dominant |
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Dominant V.S. Recessive Allele |
Dominant allele will express a trait no matter what while a recessive trait will only express it if it's both recessive |
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Law of Segregation |
Sperm and egg only each carry one set of alleles so they each give their sets to reunite the pairs and make them whole again |
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Phenotype |
The expression of a trait (physical manifestation) |
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Genotype |
The genetic makeup of a trait |
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Di-hybrid Cross |
When you examine two traits co-occurring in an organism |
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Law of Independent Assortment |
When the inheritance of two traits doesn't effect the other |
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Testcross |
Use a dominant organism with unknown genotype and mate it with a homozygous recessive organism to determine the genotypes of the offspring which can be used to determine the original dogs genotype |
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Rules of Multiplication |
Use in a monohybrid cross multiply the chance of each trait with the other to determine the chances of getting it |
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Pedigree |
An arrangement of the genotypes of a family into a tree, can be used to determine the genotypes of everyone if one is known (has to be a recessive gene) |
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Carriers |
Both parents are heterozygous that can pass the recessive genes onto their children who will express them (sometimes a recessive dominant problems) Cystic Fibrosis |
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Dominant Disorders |
Any child who is born into parents with a dominant disease have at least a 50% chance of getting it (Huntington's) |
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Incomplete Dominance |
When you fall in between two phenotypes so you express both of them
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Pleitropy |
When a single gene influences several characteristics |
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Polygenic Inheritance |
When a phenotype exist on continuum, skin color and human height are examples. Several genes effect one phenotype |
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Epigenetics and Environment |
When things other than DNA transfer effects the expression of genes. You can modify DNA using chemicals and environment. |
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Linked Genes |
Genes that tend to travel together during meiosis and fertilization |
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Sex-linked Genes |
1,100 codes for proteins are found on the x chromosomes while the y chromosome only has 25 codes for proteins, so most sex linked genes are on the x chromosomes |