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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Biology? |
the science of life. |
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Four Core Themes [of Life] |
1. Exhibit cellular organization. 2. Exhibit a mechanism for heredity (DNA). 3. Exhibit adaptions to produce unique features as a result of evolution. 4. Conserve key features during evolution. |
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Atoms |
the smallest units of matter which cannot be divided by normal chemical and physical means.
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Molecules |
two or more atoms joined together. |
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Organelles |
specialized structure in the cytoplasm of cells that provide essential cell functions. |
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Cells |
smallest units of life. |
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Tissues |
groups of similar cells working together to provide a specific function. |
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Organs |
layers of different tissue types working together to provide a specific function. |
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Organ-Systems |
different organs working together to accomplish a common goal. |
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Organism |
a complete living thing. |
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Species |
groups of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. |
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Population |
all of the different species living in the same location. |
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Community |
all of the different populations [of species] living in the same location. |
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Ecosystem |
interactions of the community with the physical (abiotic) environment. |
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Biosphere |
all regions above, on, and below earth's surface where organisms live. |
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Homeostasis |
maintenance of a relatively stable environment no matter what is going on outside. |
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Metabolism |
all of the chemical reactions occurring in the body necessary to sustain life. |
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Growth |
increase in the number of cells or the size of the organism. |
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Development |
changes in the state of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. Results in organisms with a defined set of characteristics. |
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Reproduction |
necessary for the propagation of a species. |
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Evolve/Evolution |
changes in allele frequencies in populations of organisms over time. May result in adaption to the environment. |
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Respond to Stimuli |
organisms respond to environmental changes. |
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Taxonomy |
the grouping of species. |
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3 Domains of Life |
1. Bacteria (prokaryotic) 2. Archaea (prokaryotic) 3. Eukarya (eukaryotic) |
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Properties of Bacteria |
1. Prokaryotic 2. Most primitive organisms on Earth. 3. Mostly unicellular prokaryotes. |
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Properties of Archae |
1. Prokaryotic 2. Unicellular Prokaryotes 3. Many live in extreme environments (extremophiles) |
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Eukarya |
1. Has DNA enclosed within a nucleus. 2. Larger cells. 3. Have membrane-bound organelles. |
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Taxonomy |
1. Domain - most inclusive and diverse 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Genus 7. Species - most exclusive |
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Science |
the observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. |
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Taxons |
groups that new species are placed into. |
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Deductive Reasoning |
Type of logic where one goes from a general statement to a specific conclusion. |
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Inductive Reasoning |
involves going from a series of specific cases to a general statement. |
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Hypothesis |
scientifically plausible explanation for your observation. MUST BE TESTABLE.
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Parts of the Scientific Method |
1. Observation 2. Question 3. Literature Search 4. Hypothesis 5. Make Predictions 6. Experimentation 7. Collect Data 8. Conclusions 9. Theory 10. Paradigm |
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Discovery-Based Science |
gathering information for the sake of gathering it. Often leads to hypothesis. |
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Changes in the _______ affect the _______. |
genome; proteome |
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Genome |
the complete genetic composition of an organism or species. |
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Genomics |
technology/techniques that provide the ability to analyze the DNA sequence of genomes. |
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Proteomes |
the complete protein composition of cells or organisms. Encoded by the genome. |
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Proteomics |
techniques used to analyze the proteome of a single species. |